Fabrication and characterization of flame‐retardant and smoke‐suppressant of flexible polyurethane foam with modified hydrotalcite

Abstract

The hydrotalcite has been chemically modified by using the ion exchange method to insert dihydrogen phosphate between the carbonate-type magnesium-aluminum hydrotalcite layers. And then, the effect of modified hydrotalcite on the flame retardancy and smoke suppression properties of flexible polyurethane foam (FPUF) has been investigated using limiting oxygen index (LOI) method, cone calorimeter test (CONE), smoke density chamber, flue gas analyzer, and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The current indicated that the LOI of flame-retardant modified FPUF was increased to 25.4%. And the peak heat release rate (PHRR) and total heat release (THR) of the samples were decreased by 74.9 kW/m 2 and by 9.7 MJ/m 2 , respectively. Additionally, the total amount of flue gas produced by combustion was reduced by 157.7 m 2 /m 2 , and the maximum concentration of carbon monoxide (CO) gas decreased from 51.3 to 23.8 mg/m 3 . Based on these data, it can be found that the hydrotalcite modified by dihydrogen phosphate intercalation had an excellent flame-retardant and smoke-suppressant effect, and 15% of modified hydrotalcite was the most appropriate amount during the combustion process of the modified FPUFs.

Preparation of bio‐based soybean oil polyol modified 3630 polyol‐based rigid polyurethane foam and its improved thermal stability, flame retardant, and smoke suppression performances

“…Equation (4) 24 was an expression of the Starink 25 technique: $$$$ \ln \frac{\beta }{T^{1.92}}=\mathrm{Cs}-\frac{\mathrm{BE}}{\mathrm{RT}} $$$$ …”

Research Progress on the Improvement of Flame Retardancy, Hydrophobicity, and Antibacterial Properties of Wood Surfaces

“…Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) [ 65 ] have the advantages of non-pollution, low smoke, and non-toxicity, and a small amount added has little impact on the properties of wood. Due to the water and carbon dioxide between layers and its solid phase flame-retardant effect, it can significantly reduce the heat release rate (HRR) of wood and is a friendly and efficient halogen-free flame-retardant [ 66 , 67 ]. Guo et al [ 68 ] first created a layer of intermediates using the dipping approach before reacting at 100 °C for 8–10 h in a stainless steel autoclave lined with Teflon.…”

Carbonization‐dominated synergistic behaviors of ammonium hypophosphite/EG composite in improving flame retardancy of flexible polyurethane foam

“…22 (2) Reactive-type technology, such as introducing phosphoruscontaining polyol 23 or isocyanate 24 derivatives. (3) Additive-type technology, such as adding phosphate, 25,26 phosphaphenanthrene, 27,28 metal compound, 29,30 expandable graphite (EG), 31 zeolite, 32 sepiolite, 33 clay, 34 chitosan, 35 and other bio-based substances. [36][37][38] Although each solution has its advantages and disadvantages, additive-type technology is generally considered as the most widely applicable technology in most polymer materials, [39][40][41] for its advantages on front-end implementation, easy formula adjustment, etc.…”