2016
DOI: 10.3390/nano6060100
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Fabricating Water Dispersible Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications through Ligand Exchange and Direct Conjugation

Abstract: Stable superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs), which can be easily dispersed in an aqueous medium and exhibit high magnetic relaxivities, are ideal candidates for biomedical applications including contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging. We describe a versatile methodology to render water dispersibility to SPIONs using tetraethylene glycol (TEG)-based phosphonate ligands, which are easily introduced onto SPIONs by either a ligand exchange process of surface-anchored oleic-acid (OA) molecule… Show more

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Cited by 26 publications
(17 citation statements)
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References 60 publications
(79 reference statements)
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“…However, there are several factors that strongly affect nanomaterials antioxidant activity for instance chemical composition, surface charge, particle size, and coating of the surface [ 6 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 ]. The surface coating could be biocompatible, nontoxic and allow targeted drug delivery [ 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 ].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…However, there are several factors that strongly affect nanomaterials antioxidant activity for instance chemical composition, surface charge, particle size, and coating of the surface [ 6 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 ]. The surface coating could be biocompatible, nontoxic and allow targeted drug delivery [ 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 ].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The different types of IO used for the NPs synthesis include Fe3O4 (magnetite), α-Fe2O3 (hematite or antiferromagnetic), c-Fe2O3 (maghemite, ferrimagnetic), FeO (wustite, anti-ferromagnetic), γ-Fe2O3 and β-Fe2O3. However, Fe3O4 and γ-Fe2O3 NPs are the favorable and most commonly used chemical forms that are specially designed for various biomedical applications such as imaging contrast agents for MRI, thermal therapeutic tools [25,26] and as cargo vehicles due to their features of improved biocompatibility and easy formulation [27][28][29][30]. These are structurally constituted, having nanocrystalline magnetite Fe3O4 or γ-Fe2O3 with a polymeric coating.…”
Section: Iron Oxide (Io)-npsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…can be considered to modify the surface of IONPs, i.e., organic and inorganic coatings [27]. The organic biocompatible based coating approaches are by either using a ligand exchange mechanism or physical assemblage/encapsulation [28].…”
Section: Fig 2: Types Of Nps and Their Multifunctional Strategiesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Good number of nanomaterials like metallic, organic and inorganic nanoparticles, liposomes, polyplexes, quantum dots, carbon nanomaterials like carbon nanotubes, fullerene, graphene, etc, have been considered in the investigation related to biological, biomedical fields specifically also in the field of stem cell research [3,[24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38] Synthetic materials like polylactides-co-glycolide (PGLA), polycaprolactone and naturally occurring materials like collagen, chitosan etc, have been involved in biological and biomedical research [23]. Some of the most common aspects that have been considered under stem cell research include non-evasive tracing of stem cells, transplanted progenitor cells, intracellular delivery of DNA, RNA interference molecules like proteins, peptides, genes, and small drugs either during stem cells differentiation or to investigate cellular biochemical processes [39].…”
Section: Nanomaterials In the Service Of Biological And Biomedical Fimentioning
confidence: 99%