Fabricating Simple Wax Screen-Printing Paper-Based Analytical Devices To Demonstrate the Concept of Limiting Reagent in Acid–Base Reactions

Namwong, Pithakpong; Jarujamrus, Purim; Amatatongchai, Maliwan; Chairam, Sanoe

doi:10.1021/acs.jchemed.7b00410

Cited by 35 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Dungchai et al wax patterned chromatography paper and subsequently melted the wax using a hot plate in three dimensions (3D) of the paper in order to form hydrophobic barriers. Namwong et al used a home hair dryer to melt the wax into the paper [ 39 ]. In another study, wax microstructures were printed on a nitrocellulose membrane, and then baked to enable the printed wax to penetrate the wax and create hydrophobic channels in the device [ 29 ].…”

Section: Fabrication and Printingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paper-Based Sensors: Emerging Themes and Applications

Singh

Lantigua

Meka

et al. 2018

Sensors

217

150

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Paper is a versatile, flexible, porous, and eco-friendly substrate that is utilized in the fabrication of low-cost devices and biosensors for rapid detection of analytes of interest. Paper-based sensors provide affordable platforms for simple, accurate, and rapid detection of diseases, in addition to monitoring food quality, environmental and sun exposure, and detection of pathogens. Paper-based devices provide an inexpensive technology for fabrication of simple and portable diagnostic systems that can be immensely useful in resource-limited settings, such as in developing countries or austere environments, where fully-equipped facilities and highly trained medical staff are absent. In this work, we present the different types of paper that are currently utilized in fabrication of paper-based sensors, and common fabrication techniques ranging from wax printing to origami- and kirigami-based approaches. In addition, we present different detection techniques that are employed in paper-based sensors such as colorimetric, electrochemical, and fluorescence detection, chemiluminescence, and electrochemiluminescence, as well as their applications including disease diagnostics, cell cultures, monitoring sun exposure, and analysis of environmental reagents including pollutants. Furthermore, main advantages and disadvantages of different types of paper and future trends for paper-based sensors are discussed.

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Section: Fabrication and Printingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paper-Based Sensors: Emerging Themes and Applications

Singh

Lantigua

Meka

et al. 2018

Sensors

217

150

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“…Recently, paper-based analytical devices (PADs) have garnered significant attention as chemical education tools and analytical tools. − To date, many educational applications have been described, including in the areas of analytical chemistry, − organic synthesis, , materials chemistry, and electrochemistry. , PADs have many advantages, such as on-site usage, cost-effectiveness, ease of fabrication, good portability, and user-friendliness . Furthermore, image analysis-based colorimetry combined with smartphone devices allows straightforward detection, which requires no dedicated instruments. − ,− However, these PAD-based experimental systems are intended for use in laboratories because they require special experimental equipment, such as micropipettes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using a Paper-Based Analytical Device Designed for Remote Learning Environments to Achieve Simple Quantitative Colorimetry without Micropipettes

et al. 2021

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The majority of chemical experiments conducted during educational programs are carried out in laboratories because they require instructors with special skills, in addition to large, expensive instruments. Recently, there has been an increasing demand for chemical experiments that can be carried out anywhere. Herein, we propose a novel type of paper-based analytical device (PAD) for enabling quantitative analysis without the requirement for a micropipette, since the PAD features a large sample loading zone and a waste zone, enabling accurate volume control of a liquid sample. We initially employed a micropipette to evaluate the PAD and demonstrate the quantitative analysis of ascorbic acid (AA) and pH using different loading volumes. Finally, we determined the AA concentrations and pH values of commercially available beverages using disposable plastic droppers, and the obtained results were in good agreement with those obtained through conventional methods. This PAD format can therefore be used as a novel educational tool for conducting certain chemical analyses in remote learning environments.

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“…As for hydrophobic agents, PDMS and wax have been proposed quite comprehensively for the fabrication of μPADs 21 – 24 , 26 , especially the latter, due to its affordability and availability. However, reports have indicated that μPADs fabricated using wax are inflexible and impaired under bending stress 25 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The pursuit of further miniaturization of screen printed micro paper-based analytical devices utilizing controlled penetration towards optimized channel patterning

Tseng

Lizama

Shen

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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One of the main objectives of microfluidic paper-based analytical devices is to present solutions particularly, for applications in low-resource settings. Therefore, screen-printing appears to be an attractive fabrication technique in the field, due to its overall simplicity, affordability, and high-scalability potential. Conversely, the minimum feature size attained using screen-printing is still rather low, especially compared to other fabrication methods, mainly attributed to the over-penetration of hydrophobic agents, underneath defined patterns on masks, into the fiber matrix of paper substrates. In this work, we propose the use of the over-penetration to our advantage, whereby an appropriate combination of hydrophobic agent temperature and substrate thickness, allows for the proper control of channel patterning, rendering considerably higher resolutions than prior arts. The implementation of Xuan paper and nail oil as novel substrate and hydrophobic agent, respectively, is proposed in this work. Under optimum conditions of temperature and substrate thickness, the resolution of the screen-printing method was pushed up to 97.83 ± 16.34 μm of channel width with acceptable repeatability. It was also found that a trade-off exists between achieving considerably high channel resolutions and maintaining high levels of repeatability of the process. Lastly, miniaturized microfluidic channels were successfully patterned on pH strips for colorimetric pH measurement, demonstrating its advantage on negligible sample-volume consumption in nano-liter range during chemical measurement and minimal interference on manipulation of precious samples, which for the first time, is realized on screen-printed microfluidic paper-based analytical devices.

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Fabricating Simple Wax Screen-Printing Paper-Based Analytical Devices To Demonstrate the Concept of Limiting Reagent in Acid–Base Reactions

Cited by 35 publications

References 28 publications

Paper-Based Sensors: Emerging Themes and Applications

Paper-Based Sensors: Emerging Themes and Applications

Using a Paper-Based Analytical Device Designed for Remote Learning Environments to Achieve Simple Quantitative Colorimetry without Micropipettes

The pursuit of further miniaturization of screen printed micro paper-based analytical devices utilizing controlled penetration towards optimized channel patterning

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