Paper-Based Sensors: Emerging Themes and Applications

Singh, Amrita Tribhuwan; Lantigua, Darlin; Meka, Akhil; Taing, Shainlee; Pandher, Manjot; Camci‐Unal, Gulden

doi:10.3390/s18092838

Cited by 202 publications

(136 citation statements)

References 109 publications

(148 reference statements)

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“…The use of paper for biosensor technologies show two main advantages, which are sample capillary flow and compatibility with biomolecules [8]. Although, they still exhibit lower sensitivity and accuracy [9,10]. Paper-based colorimetric biosensors often exhibit low sensitivities because a signal amplification procedure was not used.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Colorimetric Signal for Accurate Signal Detection in Paper-Based Biosensors

Harpaz

Eltzov

et al. 2020

Diagnostics

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Paper-based colorimetric biosensors combine the use of paper with colorimetric signal detection. However, they usually demonstrate lower sensitivities because a signal amplification procedure has not been used. Stopping the reaction of colorimetric signal generation is often used in lab-based assays in order to amplify and stabilize the colorimetric signal for detection. In this study, the generation of a stopped colorimetric signal was examined for accurate and enhanced signal detection in paper-based biosensors. The colorimetric reaction in biosensors is usually based on the interaction between the enzyme horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and a selected chromogenic substrate. The two most commonly used HRP substrates, 3,3’,5,5’-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) and 2’-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic-acid) (ABTS), were compared in terms of their ability to generate a stopped colorimetric signal on membrane. The stopped colorimetric signal was visible for TMB but not for ABTS. Moreover, the generation of stopped colorimetric signal was dependent on the presence of polyvinylidene-difluoride (PVDF) membrane as the separation layer. With PVDF the colorimetric signal (color intensity) was higher (TMB: 126 ± 6 and ABTS: 121 ± 9) in comparison to without PVDF (TMB: 110 ± 2 and ABTS: 102 ± 4). The TMB stopped colorimetric signal demonstrated a more stable signal detection with lower standard deviation values. To conclude, a stopped colorimetric signal can be generated in paper-based biosensors for enhanced and accurate signal detection.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Colorimetric Signal for Accurate Signal Detection in Paper-Based Biosensors

Harpaz

Eltzov

et al. 2020

Diagnostics

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“…(12) Different types of paper can also be used for biosensor manufacturing, and various fabrication methods from wax printing to origami-inspired approaches can be applied. (13) A paperelectrode-based flexible pressure sensor modified with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) was reported in Ref. 14.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Testing and Characterization of Different Papers as Substrate Material for Printed Electronics and Application in Humidity Sensor

Kojić¹,

Stojanović²,

Miletić³

et al. 2019

Sensors and Materials

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The use of papers as substrates in the process of manufacturing flexible electronic components is urgently required to obtain cost-effective products as well as to expand the potential applications of such components. This study aimed to examine the suitability of three different types of paper for sensor applications using an inkjet printing process. Three types of paper (denoted as Types 1, 2, and 3) designed for specific applications in printed electronics were selected and entirely characterized in terms of microscopic and macroscopic properties, such as internal fibers structure, cross-sectional layer structure, surface roughness, and hardness. Dot arrays were printed on these three types of paper to determine how the papers absorb silver ink and which one is the best substrate for manufacturing printed electronic components. After a comprehensive analysis, the paper that exhibited the best feature was further studied as a substrate for printing interdigitated electrodes to develop a humidity sensor. The Type 2 paper-based sensor demonstrated the variation in capacitance in the range from 9.4 to 10.6 pF while changing the relative humidity (RH) from 40 to 90%. Thus, Type 2 has the great potential for application in flexible sensors, suggesting the possibility of industrial scalability and mass production of inexpensive, biodegradable, and conformable electronic components.

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“…Several samples including blood, sweat, saliva, and tears are processed using "colorimetric, fluorescent, brightfield, and electrochemical methods" [12]. The POCT wearable device is a combination among different technologies such as the detection of using paper-based sensors (devices that are frequently used in disease diagnosis [19]), along with flexible sensors, and microfluidics. To illustrate this, test results depending on different POCT devices regarding the sweat sample information are presented in Table 1 [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arrowhead Technology for Digitalization and Automation Solution: Smart Cities and Smart Agriculture

Marcu

Suciu²,

Balaceanu³

et al. 2020

Sensors

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The Internet of Things (IoT) concept has met requirements for security and reliability in domains like automotive industry, food industry, as well as precision agriculture. Furthermore, System of Systems (SoS) expands the use of local clouds for the evolution of integration and communication technologies. SoS devices need to ensure Quality of Service (QoS) capabilities including service-oriented management and different QoS characteristics monitoring. Smart applications depend on information quality since they are driven by processes which require communication robustness and enough bandwidth. Interconnectivity and interoperability facilities among different smart devices can be achieved using Arrowhead Framework technology via its core systems and services. Arrowhead Framework is targeting smart IoT devices with wide applicability areas including smart building, smart energy, smart cities, smart agriculture, etc. The advantages of Arrowhead Framework can be underlined by parameters such as transmission speed, latency, security, etc. This paper presents a survey of Arrowhead Framework in IoT/SoS dedicated architectures for smart cities and smart agriculture developed around smart cities, aiming to outline its significant impact on the global performances. The advantages of Arrowhead Framework technology are emphasized by analysis of several smart cities use-cases and a novel architecture for a telemetry system that will enable the use of Arrowhead technology in smart agriculture area is introduced and detailed by authors.

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Paper-Based Sensors: Emerging Themes and Applications

Cited by 202 publications

References 109 publications

Enhanced Colorimetric Signal for Accurate Signal Detection in Paper-Based Biosensors

Enhanced Colorimetric Signal for Accurate Signal Detection in Paper-Based Biosensors

Testing and Characterization of Different Papers as Substrate Material for Printed Electronics and Application in Humidity Sensor

Arrowhead Technology for Digitalization and Automation Solution: Smart Cities and Smart Agriculture

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