Fabric treatment with cationic softeners

Linfield, W. M.; Sherrill, J. C.; Davis, Gerard A.; Raschke, Robert M.

doi:10.1007/bf02633814

Cited by 26 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Because we used fabrics, the filters were removed. We used 0.001 N KCl as an electrolyte solution, which was circulated between the containers (4) in both directions under nitrogen pressure (0-500 mbar) by means of an admission valve (5). The direction of circulation is controlled by valves (6) and (7) while (8) is the sensor to maintain the level of solution in the container.…”

Section: Zeta Potential Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The quaternary ammonium group absorbs readily onto negatively charged fibre surfaces. The long aliphatic chains are then oriented towards the outside of the fabric and act as excellent boundary lubricants between yarns and fibres [3][4][5][6][7]. The extent to which a softener improves or affects fabric properties is influenced by the structure, level of deposition and the ability of the softener to be retained after laundering [8][9][10][11][12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Interaction between the Surface Properties of the Textiles and the Deposition of Cationic Softener

Agarwal

Perwuelz

Koehl

et al. 2011

J Surfact & Detergents

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In this study we categorised the surface properties of different knitted fabrics by their electro-kinetic behaviour and liquid up-take phenomena of the knitted textiles in order to understand the interaction of the surface properties of the textiles with cationic softener deposition. The electro-kinetic and liquid uptake properties of textiles were measured by their zeta-potential and liquid absorption ability. We also examined the influence of fabric softener on the surface characteristics of the textiles. We used solvent extraction followed by cationic titration to determine the cationic softener level present on the textiles. The major finding of this study was the different behaviour of individual loads and mixed loads in terms of cationic pick up from the rinse cycle softener. Fibre type plays the most critical role in determining the zeta potential of the fibre, filtration efficiency and water retaining capability of the fabrics, which in turn play the most important role in softener deposition on the textile. The charge on the textile surface is negative; this plays a key role in the deposition of the cationic softener in both kinds of loading conditions. Capillary diffusion could be a key parameter only in the individual load condition. It was found that there is a significant reduction in the liquid adsorption weight when fabrics are treated with levels of softener that are much higher than those associated with normal consumer use. As soon as the fabric comes into contact with the liquid, the fabric softener molecules transfer from the fabric to the liquid and reduce the surface energy of the liquid. This results in an increase in the wetting weight of the fabric.

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Section: Zeta Potential Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction between the Surface Properties of the Textiles and the Deposition of Cationic Softener

Agarwal

Perwuelz

Koehl

et al. 2011

J Surfact & Detergents

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“…Over the last 40 yr, numerous investigations have been carried out on the kinetics and mechanism of cationic fabric softener deposition (2,(23)(24)(25). Kunieda and Shinoda (26) and Laughlin et al (27)(28)(29) investigated the basic phase behavior of dioctadecyldimethyl ammonium chloride as a model for the commercially ubiquitous product derived from tallow and have come to sometimes contradictory conclusions.…”

Section: Fabric Softener Moleculesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rinse‐added fabric softener technology at the close of the twentieth century

Levinson

1999

J Surfact & Detergents

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“…A fabric softener is a liquid composition added to washing machines during the rinse cycle to make clothes feel better to the touch. Fabric softener use has been documented to extend garment-life 7) . It reduces static electricity buildup 8) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ester Quats: The Novel Class of Cationic Fabric Softeners

Mishra¹,

Tyagi²

2007

J. Oleo Sci.

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Esterquats, which are quaternary ammonium compounds having two long (C(16)-C(18)) fatty acid chains with 2 weak ester linkages, represent a new generation of fabric softening agents, having replaced the dialkyldimethylammonium salts (e.g. DTDMAC and DSDMAC). The inclusion of ester linkages into the aliphatic chains has significantly improved the kinetics of biodegradation of the cationic surfactants, lowering the environmental exposure levels. This new generation of fabric softening agents combines a good environmental profile with the structural features required for an effective fabric conditioner. The present paper reviews the synthesis, types, actives combines a good environmental profile with the structural features required for a properties and applications of esterquats.

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Fabric treatment with cationic softeners

Cited by 26 publications

References 2 publications

Interaction between the Surface Properties of the Textiles and the Deposition of Cationic Softener

Interaction between the Surface Properties of the Textiles and the Deposition of Cationic Softener

Rinse‐added fabric softener technology at the close of the twentieth century

Ester Quats: The Novel Class of Cationic Fabric Softeners

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