FA monoalkylesters from rice bran oil by <i>in situ</i> esterification

Yücel, Sevil; Türkay, Selma

doi:10.1007/s11746-003-0655-7

Cited by 31 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 10 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Similar results were reported for acid-catalyzed in situ transesterification (10). In that work, low oil extraction (20-40%) and low transesterification of that oil (40-55%) were observed in methanol.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

See 1 more Smart Citation

In situ alkaline transesterification: An effective method for the production of fatty acid esters from vegetable oils

Haas

Scott

Marmer

et al. 2004

J Americ Oil Chem Soc

182

115

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The production of simple alkyl FA esters by direct alkali-catalyzed in situ transesterification of the acylglycerols (AG) in soybeans was examined. Initial experiments demonstrated that the lipid in commercially produced soy flakes was readily transesterified during agitation at 60°C in sealed containers of alcoholic NaOH. Methyl, ethyl, and isopropyl alcohols readily participated in the reaction, suggesting that the phenomenon is a general one. Statistical experimental design methods and response surface regression analysis were used to optimize reaction conditions, using methanol as alcohol. At 60°C, the highest yields of methyl ester with minimal contamination by FFA and AG were predicted at a molar ratio of methanol/AG/NaOH of 226:1:1.6 with an approximately 8-h incubation. An increase in the amount of methanol, coupled with a reduced alkali concentration, also gave high ester yields with low FFA and AG contamination. The reaction also proceeded well at 23°C (room temperature), giving higher predicted ester yields than at 60°C. At room temperature, maximal esterification was predicted at a molar ratio of 543:1:2.0 for methanol/AG/NaOH, again in 8 h. Of the lipid in soy flakes, 95% was removed under such conditions. The amount of FAME recovered after in situ transesterification corresponded to 84% of this solubilized lipid. Given the 95% removal of lipid from the soy flakes and an 84% efficiency of conversion of this solubilized lipid to FAME, one calculates an overall transesterification efficiency of 80%. The FAME fraction contained only 0.72% (mass basis) FFA and no AG. Of the glycerol released by transesterification, 93% was located in the alcoholic ester phase and 7% was on the post-transesterification flakes.Paper no. J10571 in JAOCS 81, 83-89 (January 2004).KEY WORDS: Biodiesel, fats and oils utilization, fatty acid ester, in situ transesterification, transesterification.The simple alkyl esters of FA have numerous established uses in the food, textile, cosmetic, rubber and metal processing, and synthetic lubricant industries. FAME are the predominant esters consumed, with a year 2000 global consumption of 1 million metric tons (MMT) (1). In addition, FAME are the favored starting material for the production of fatty amides, more complex esters, ester sulfonates, and fatty alcohols. Fatty alcohols alone were consumed at a world rate of 6.2 MMT in 2000 (1). Production and consumption of the methyl esters of FA are rapidly increasing due to their growing use as biodiesel, a renewable replacement for petroleum-based diesel engine fuel.Contemporary industrial technology for the synthesis of fatty acyl esters of vegetable oils involves isolation of oilseed acylglycerides by extrusion or solvent extraction, degumming and refining of the oil, and its alkali-catalyzed transesterification. Hexane extraction is the main technology for oil recovery in the United States. Extraction plants achieve high levels of solvent recovery, with a typical soybean processing plant losing less than 1.25 L of solvent per metric to...

show abstract

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

“…FFA were produced during alkaline in situ transesterification (Fig. 1), a phenomenon also noted with acid catalysis (10).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 61%

In situ alkaline transesterification: An effective method for the production of fatty acid esters from vegetable oils

Haas

Scott

Marmer

et al. 2004

J Americ Oil Chem Soc

182

115

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Recently, the preparation of biodiesel using in situ transesterification has been successfully carried out with various oilseeds [24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32]. In situ transesterification is a biodiesel production method that uses the original agricultural products as the source of triglycerides, instead of purified oil, with direct transesterification, and works with virtually any lipid-bearing material.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodiesel production from jatropha seeds: Solvent extraction and in situ transesterification in a single step

Kartika¹,

Yani²,

Ariono

et al. 2013

Fuel

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

production from jatropha seeds: Solvent extraction and in situ transesterification in a single step. Fuel, Elsevier, 2013, vol. 106, pp. 111-117. <10.1016/j.fuel.2013 This is an author-deposited version published in: http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/ Eprints ID: 8587 " We investigate the biodiesel production directly from jatropha seeds. " We examine influences of reaction conditions on biodiesel yield and its quality. " Increasing methanol to seed ratio and alkali concentration will increase yield and quality. " Increasing reaction temperature will increase yield. " Temperature, time and stirring speed effects on biodiesel quality were less important. a r t i c l e i n f o b s t r a c tThe objective of this study was to investigate solvent extraction and in situ transesterification in a single step to allow direct production of biodiesel from jatropha seeds. Experiments were conducted using milled jatropha seeds, and n-hexane as extracting solvent. The influence of methanol to seed ratio (2:1-6:1), amount of alkali (KOH) catalyst (0.05-0.1 mol/L in methanol), stirring speed (700-900 rpm), temperature (40-60°C) and reaction time (3-5 h) was examined to define optimum biodiesel yield and biodiesel quality after water washing and drying. When stirring speed, temperature and reaction time were fixed at 700 rpm, 60°C and 4 h respectively, highest biodiesel yield (80% with a fatty acid methyl ester purity of 99.9%) and optimum biodiesel quality were obtained with a methanol to seed ratio of 6:1 and 0.075 mol/L KOH in methanol. Subsequently, the influence of stirring speed, temperature and reaction time on biodiesel yield and biodiesel quality was studied, by applying the randomized factorial experimental design with ANOVA (F-test at p = 0.05), and using the optimum values previously found for methanol to seed ratio and KOH catalyst level. Most experimental runs conducted at 50°C resulted to high biodiesel yields, while stirring speed and reaction time did not give significantly effect. The highest biodiesel yield (87% with a fatty acid methyl ester purity of 99.7%) was obtained with a methanol to seed ratio of 6:1, KOH catalyst of 0.075 mol/L in methanol, a stirring speed of 800 rpm, a temperature of 50°C, and a reaction time of 5 h. The effects of stirring speed, temperature and reaction time on biodiesel quality were not significant. Most of the biodiesel quality obtained in this study conformed to the Indonesian Biodiesel Standard.

show abstract

“…The use of this approach has been described for the synthesis of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME), for potential use as biodiesel, from the lipids in sunflower seeds [1][2][3], rice bran [4][5][6] and soybeans [7]. In these reports sulfuric acid was employed as catalyst in reactions generally conducted at the reflux temperature of the systems, approximately 65°C.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Substrate Pretreatment can Reduce the Alcohol Requirement During Biodiesel Production Via in Situ Transesterification

Haas

Wagner

2011

J Americ Oil Chem Soc

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The ability of physical pretreatment of the feedstock to reduce the alcohol requirement for high yield fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) production during the in situ transesterification of soybeans was investigated. Four physical treatments were studied: (a) dehulling and flaking, (b) dehulling, flaking and passage through a twin screw extruder, (c) passage through an expander type extruder, or (d) conversion to a flour-like consistency (1-10 lm particles) via disruption in a Pulsewave disintegrator. Following drying, optimal reaction conditions for high yield, room temperature, in situ transesterification of the lipid-linked fatty acids resident in these materials were determined. Expander and Pulsewave pretreatment did not substantially reduce the amount of methanol required for high level FAME production below that required for flaked soybeans. However, the combination of flaking, extrusion and drying achieved a minimum nearly threefold reduction in the methanol requirement compared with that for soybeans that had been only flaked and dried. The flaking/extrusion/ drying regime resulted in a minimum optimal molar ratio for (methanol/substrate fatty acid) of 9:1 for effective in situ transesterification. This is a 20-fold reduction in methanol usage compared to the previously reported ratio of 181:1 for the use of flaked-only soybeans. (Haas et al. in J Am Oil Chem Soc 81:83-89, 2004).

show abstract

FA monoalkylesters from rice bran oil by in situ esterification

Cited by 31 publications

References 10 publications

In situ alkaline transesterification: An effective method for the production of fatty acid esters from vegetable oils

In situ alkaline transesterification: An effective method for the production of fatty acid esters from vegetable oils

Biodiesel production from jatropha seeds: Solvent extraction and in situ transesterification in a single step

Substrate Pretreatment can Reduce the Alcohol Requirement During Biodiesel Production Via in Situ Transesterification

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About