Substrate Pretreatment can Reduce the Alcohol Requirement During Biodiesel Production Via in Situ Transesterification

Haas, Michael J.; Wagner, Karen

doi:10.1007/s11746-011-1773-4

Cited by 12 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 14 publications

(21 reference statements)

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“…Once conversion efficiency is optimized, these feedstocks can potentially help the USA accomplish its production goals set forth in RFS‐2. This study confirms that the technology is transferable and the sorghum bran innately requires less MeOH to produce FAME than soy flakes that have not been subjected to physical pretreatment methods (Haas & Wagner, ). This study also shows that the complexity of the feedstock plays a major role in the conversion of oil to FAME via IST, suggesting that all IST feedstocks must be properly evaluated for their susceptibility to moisture (bound and unbound) and for other components, such as waxes, that can interfere with the evaluation of product yield.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

“…In those experiments, the AG:NaOMe:MeOH molar ratio of 1.0:2.0:131.7 was used. This equates to a 27% decrease in the methanol requirement originally reported by Haas et al (), but it was significantly higher than the oil to methanol ratio reported when physical pretreatments (Haas & Wagner, ), which were not employed in this study, were employed. Surprisingly, when compared to the control conditions for this data set, increasing only the base concentration inexplicably lowered the overall yield to approximately 50% (Table , RC5) while increasing only the volume of methanol decreased the yield at 25 °C by 10% and increased the yield at 40 °C by 6.6% (Table , RC6).…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 53%

“…The molar ratio of NaOMe and MeOH relative to the AG is shown in the tables. The experiments were performed using a previously developed protocol (Haas & Wagner, ) that successfully converted >90% of the AG in 5 g soy flakes to FAME in 4.5 hours using the IST method in 4.0 mL MeOH and 1.5 mmol sodium methoxide. In those studies, a AG:NaOMe:MeOH molar ratio of 1.0:0.4:30.8 was used.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sorghum bran or DDGS (8.00 g) were added to solutions containing the desired amounts of methanol and sodium methoxide in screw‐capped bottles of capacity at least five times the reaction volume (Haas & Wagner, ). These were mixed in an incubator shaker (New Brunswick Series 25) at 250 rpm for 4.5 hours at either 25 or 40 °C.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Production of Fatty‐Acid Methyl Esters Via the In Situ Transesterification of Grain Sorghum Bran and Sorghum Distiller's Dried Grains and Solubles

Wyatt

Jones

Johnston

et al. 2018

J Americ Oil Chem Soc

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The acylglycerols (AG) in sorghum bran and distiller's dried grains and solubles (DDGS) from sorghum postfermentation have been converted to fatty-acid methyl esters (FAME) using an in situ transesterification method. The reactions were conducted at 25 or 40 C by incubating 8 g of feedstock, containing 1.3-2.4 mmol AG, in a solution of 2.4 or 4.8 mmol of NaOMe dissolved in 6.4 or 12.8 mL MeOH. The experimental results confirmed that reducing the moisture to approximately 2% (w/w) within the feedstock was necessary for the reaction to proceed. All of the reactions were monitored using high-performance liquid chromatography and all performed better at 40 C than at 25 C. The most successful reactions used a AG:NaOMe:MeOH molar ratio of 1.0:2.0:131.7. Those reactions used 4.8 mmol NaOMe dissolved in 12.8 mL MeOH producing up to 98.3% FAME when sorghum bran was used as the feedstock. When DDGS from sorghum were used as the feedstock, the yield averaged 32.2% under the previously established optimal conditions. Keywords Coproducts (waste) Á Biodiesel Á Fats and oils Á Biofuels (energy) Á Chromatography J Am Oil Chem Soc (2018) 95: 743-752.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 53%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Production of Fatty‐Acid Methyl Esters Via the In Situ Transesterification of Grain Sorghum Bran and Sorghum Distiller's Dried Grains and Solubles

Wyatt

Jones

Johnston

et al. 2018

J Americ Oil Chem Soc

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“…'In situ' transesterification is an alternative method of biodiesel production wherein the feedstock consists of intact lipid-bearing biomaterials, not refined lipids isolated from such materials [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. The process generates biodiesel, glycerol, and lipid-free meal.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soybean Meal Retains Its Nutritional Value as an Animal Feed Following in Situ Transesterification

Haas

Stroup²,

Latshaw

2013

J Americ Oil Chem Soc

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The lipid‐depleted meal transesterified soybean meal (TSM) coproduct of the in situ transesterification of soybeans to produce biodiesel, and a reference commercial hexane‐extracted soybean meal (HSM), were investigated as poultry feeds. In situ transesterification removed 95 % of the lipid from soybean flakes without destroying amino acids or affecting caloric content. Trypsin inhibitor in TSM was successfully denatured by a steam/heat treatment. Two groups of broiler chicks, each consisting of 300 birds (20/pen), were fed diets whose soy meal component was either TSM or HSM. A block design was used, a ‘block’ consisting of two adjacent pens, one receiving TSM and the other HSM. Starter formulation was fed from day 1 to 21 and grower formulation from day 22 to the end of the study on day 42. Chicks accepted both the TSM and HSM diets. No acute toxicities occurred. Over the course of the study weight gain, feed consumption and feed efficiency were comparable (p ≥ 0.05) between the two test groups. Mortalities in the group receiving TSM exceeded those in the HSM group (6.8 vs. 3.4 %), but did not reach statistical significance. Histological examination of the livers of 40 birds sacrificed at the end of the study showed no evidence of pathology in either dietary group. Soybean meal subjected to in situ transesterification is an acceptable component of poultry diets.

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Simplifying biodiesel production: The direct or in situ transesterification of algal biomass

Haas

Wagner

2011

Euro J Lipid Sci & Tech

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The in situ esterification/transesterification of algal biomass lipids to produce FAME for potential use as biodiesel was investigated. Commercial algal biomass was employed, containing 20.9 wt% hexane extractable oil. This consisted of 35.1 wt% free fatty acids (FFA), 18.2 wt% TAG, and 8.8 wt% MAG, accounting for 62.1% of the extractable material. Other constituents of the hexane extractable material, accounting for 37.9% of the extracts, were not further characterized. The predominant fatty acids in the oil were palmitic (42.4 wt%), oleic (30.6 wt%), linoleic (22.8 wt%), and linolenic (16.1 wt%). Small amounts of 10-keto 16:0 and 10-OH 16:0 fatty acids were also present. Statistical experimental design was employed to coordinately examine the effects of the amounts of methanol, sulfuric acid, and reaction temperature (23-658C) on the yield of FAME in 2 h reactions. Three methods of feedstock preparation were examined -as received, oven dried, and water-washed/dried. For all feedstocks conditions could be identified which were predicted to yield greater than 90% maximum theoretical FAME production. Oven drying the feedstock reduced the amount of methanol required, with 83% of maximum yield obtained at a methanol/fatty acid molar ratio of 220:1 (4 mL methanol/g substrate). Water washing the biomass did not reduce the methanol required for high level transesterification. Practical applications:In biodiesel production by the conventional method of alkali-catalyzed transesterification of a refined vegetable oil/the combination of feedstock and process costs threatens the economic viability of biofuel production. In situ esterification/transesterification is a method for producing biodiesel wherein a lipid-bearing material is directly treated with reagents that catalyze fatty acid alkyl ester production from FFA and acylglycerols. By eliminating the need to isolate and refine the feedstock lipid, this approach to biodiesel production eliminates some of the processing steps required by contemporary methods. This could provide a welcome reduction in the cost of biodiesel production. There is presently considerable interest in the possibility of biofuel production from algal biomass. This study describes the application and optimization of in situ transesterification to a lipid-bearing algal biomass. Application of this technology could facilitate the economical production of biodiesel from algal biomass.

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Substrate Pretreatment can Reduce the Alcohol Requirement During Biodiesel Production Via in Situ Transesterification

Cited by 12 publications

References 14 publications

Production of Fatty‐Acid Methyl Esters Via the In Situ Transesterification of Grain Sorghum Bran and Sorghum Distiller's Dried Grains and Solubles

Production of Fatty‐Acid Methyl Esters Via the In Situ Transesterification of Grain Sorghum Bran and Sorghum Distiller's Dried Grains and Solubles

Soybean Meal Retains Its Nutritional Value as an Animal Feed Following in Situ Transesterification

Simplifying biodiesel production: The direct or in situ transesterification of algal biomass

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