Biodiesel production from jatropha seeds: Solvent extraction and in situ transesterification in a single step

Abstract

production from jatropha seeds: Solvent extraction and in situ transesterification in a single step. Fuel, Elsevier, 2013, vol. 106, pp. 111-117. <10.1016/j.fuel.2013 This is an author-deposited version published in: http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/ Eprints ID: 8587 " We investigate the biodiesel production directly from jatropha seeds. " We examine influences of reaction conditions on biodiesel yield and its quality. " Increasing methanol to seed ratio and alkali concentration will increase yield and quality. " Increasing reaction temperature will increase yield. " Temperature, time and stirring speed effects on biodiesel quality were less important. a r t i c l e i n f o b s t r a c tThe objective of this study was to investigate solvent extraction and in situ transesterification in a single step to allow direct production of biodiesel from jatropha seeds. Experiments were conducted using milled jatropha seeds, and n-hexane as extracting solvent. The influence of methanol to seed ratio (2:1-6:1), amount of alkali (KOH) catalyst (0.05-0.1 mol/L in methanol), stirring speed (700-900 rpm), temperature (40-60°C) and reaction time (3-5 h) was examined to define optimum biodiesel yield and biodiesel quality after water washing and drying. When stirring speed, temperature and reaction time were fixed at 700 rpm, 60°C and 4 h respectively, highest biodiesel yield (80% with a fatty acid methyl ester purity of 99.9%) and optimum biodiesel quality were obtained with a methanol to seed ratio of 6:1 and 0.075 mol/L KOH in methanol. Subsequently, the influence of stirring speed, temperature and reaction time on biodiesel yield and biodiesel quality was studied, by applying the randomized factorial experimental design with ANOVA (F-test at p = 0.05), and using the optimum values previously found for methanol to seed ratio and KOH catalyst level. Most experimental runs conducted at 50°C resulted to high biodiesel yields, while stirring speed and reaction time did not give significantly effect. The highest biodiesel yield (87% with a fatty acid methyl ester purity of 99.7%) was obtained with a methanol to seed ratio of 6:1, KOH catalyst of 0.075 mol/L in methanol, a stirring speed of 800 rpm, a temperature of 50°C, and a reaction time of 5 h. The effects of stirring speed, temperature and reaction time on biodiesel quality were not significant. Most of the biodiesel quality obtained in this study conformed to the Indonesian Biodiesel Standard.

Comprehensive Comparison of Hetero-Homogeneous Catalysts for Fatty Acid Methyl Ester Production from Non-Edible Jatropha curcas Oil

“…The yield of biodiesel achieved using CaO was 96%, which was comparable to yields reported elsewhere from other heterogeneous catalysts [17][18][19]. The yield obtained from KOH was only 92%, which is lower than the values reported in the literature [20][21][22]. The lower yield observed for KOH was attributed to the increased basicity of KOH (pKa 15.7) relative to CaO (pKa 12.8), which promoted reactions such as hydrolysis and saponification on FAME, which, in turn, lowered the yield.…”

Genetic diversity ofJatropha curcascollections from different islands in Indonesia

“…Oil contents were measured from seeds harvested in 2012 with two replications. Seed oil was extracted using Soxhlet extraction method (Amalia Kartika et al , 2013) and oil contents were measured as a percentage of oil weight to seed weight on dry basis. The variation between accessions was analysed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) using R software.…”

Temperature and pretreatment effects on the drying of different collections of Jatropha curcas L. seeds

“…As it has been previously mentioned, reducing the moisture content of seeds to 0.912% allows the production of quality oil with FFA content of 0.9% [32] which could be directly used in alkaline catalyzed transesterification for biodiesel production [32,33]. Dried seeds with moisture content less than 1% could also be used in alkaline catalyzed in situ transesterification for biodiesel production [35,36]. Moreover, although the drying temperature of 353 K could reduce the moisture content of WS and CS to less than 1%, the moisture loss by WS (6.47%) was larger than that of CS (6.21%).…”

“…For instance, in an integrated extraction and transesterification process from Jatropha seeds using hexane and methanol via base catalyzed transesterification, seeds with moisture content less than 1% was used, and the highest yield obtained was of 90.8% at optimum conditions [35]. Kartika et al [36] reported that in a solvent extraction and in situ transesterification by alkaline catalyst, seeds with moisture content less than 1% was used as increase in water content of the oilseeds can cause ester saponification [36,37].…”