Extratropical Transition of Western North Pacific Tropical Cyclones: Midlatitude and Tropical Cyclone Contributions to Reintensification

Klein, Peter; Harr, Patrick A.; Elsberry, Russell L.

doi:10.1175/1520-0493(2002)130<2240:etownp>2.0.co;2

Cited by 84 publications

(175 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…9e), frontogenesis is indicated by large Q n vectors pointing toward warm air in a broad region extending eastward from the trough axis to the crest of the downstream ridge in the geopotential height field. The region of Q n -vector convergence over and northeast of the TC along the eastern flank of the trough indicates frontogenetical forcing for ascent, which is consistent with the formation of a warm front and warm conveyor belt in the northeast quadrant of a TC as it undergoes the transformation stage of ET (e.g., Klein et al 2000;Harr and Elsberry 2000). During weak interactions (Fig.…”

Section: April 2015 a R C H A M B A U L T E T A Lsupporting

confidence: 67%

“…For both types of interactions, 500-hPa ascent is located over and northeast of the recurving TC on the leading edge of a poleward-directed moisture plume that features precipitable water values of at least 45 mm. The northeastward displacement of ascent relative to the center of the TC is characteristic of a TC undergoing ET and likely reflects the slantwise ascent of air parcels within a nascent warm conveyor belt (e.g., Klein et al 2000;Grams et al 2013a). The ascent is collocated with the equatorward entrance region of an anticyclonically curved jet streak indicated by a 200-hPa wind speed maximum.…”

Section: Synoptic Signatures Of Strong Versus Weak Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tropical cyclones (TCs) undergoing extratropical transition (ET), a change from a warm-core, axisymmetric system to a cold-core, asymmetric system (e.g., Klein et al 2000;Jones et al 2003;Harr and Archambault 2015), may significantly perturb their environment as they recurve into the midlatitudes (e.g., McTaggart-Cowan et al 2007;Harr and Dea 2009;Cordeira and Bosart 2010). The poleward and upward transport of low potential vorticity (PV) air associated with TC recurvature tends to amplify a ridge and intensify a jet streak along the meridional PV gradient marking the jet stream (e.g., Agustí-Panareda et al 2004, 2005Riemer et al 2008;Riemer and Jones 2010;Grams et al 2013a;Archambault et al 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The primary factors influencing the downstream flow response to TC recurvature are (i) the large-scale flow pattern into which the TC is moving (e.g., Harr and Dea 2009;Riemer et al 2008;Jones 2010, 2014), and (ii) the interaction between the TC and an extratropical disturbance such as a trough or jet streak (e.g., Klein et al 2002;Ritchie and Elsberry 2007;Jones 2010, 2014;Grams et al 2013b;Keller et al 2014). Characteristics of the recurving TC, such as size and intensity, are thought to be secondary factors (e.g., Harr and Dea 2009;Archambault et al 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Composite Perspective of the Extratropical Flow Response to Recurving Western North Pacific Tropical Cyclones

Archambault

Keyser

Bosart

et al. 2015

Monthly Weather Review

119

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This study investigates the composite extratropical flow response to recurving western North Pacific tropical cyclones (WNP TCs), and the dependence of this response on the strength of the TC-extratropical flow interaction as defined by the negative potential vorticity advection (PV) by the irrotational wind associated with the TC. The 2.58 NCEP-NCAR reanalysis is used to construct composite analyses of all 1979-2009 recurving WNP TCs and of subsets that undergo strong and weak TC-extratropical flow interactions.Findings indicate that recurving WNP TCs are associated with the amplification of a preexisting Rossby wave train (RWT) that disperses downstream and modifies the large-scale flow pattern over North America. This RWT affects approximately 2408 of longitude and persists for approximately 10 days. Recurving TCs associated with strong TC-extratropical flow interactions are associated with a stronger extratropical flow response than those associated with weak TC-extratropical flow interactions. Compared with weak interactions, strong interactions feature a more distinct upstream trough, stronger and broader divergent outflow associated with stronger midlevel frontogenesis and forcing for ascent over and northeast of the TC, and stronger upper-level PV frontogenesis that promotes more pronounced jet streak intensification. During strong interactions, divergent outflow helps anchor and amplify a downstream ridge, thereby amplifying a preexisting RWT from Asia that disperses downstream to North America. In contrast, during weak interactions, divergent outflow weakly amplifies a downstream ridge, such that a RWT briefly amplifies in situ before dissipating over the western-central North Pacific.

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Section: April 2015 a R C H A M B A U L T E T A Lsupporting

confidence: 67%

Section: Synoptic Signatures Of Strong Versus Weak Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

A Composite Perspective of the Extratropical Flow Response to Recurving Western North Pacific Tropical Cyclones

Archambault

Keyser

Bosart

et al. 2015

Monthly Weather Review

119

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show abstract

“…This is very important because of the highly destructive potential of such cyclones (Hart & Evans 2001). Many studies were restricted to selected or idealized cases (Ritchie & Elsberry 2001, Klein et al 2002. They investigated the sensitivity of extratropical transition (ET), and reintensification to SST, SST gradient and vertical wind shear.…”

Section: Extratropical Transitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regional climate model simulations of North Atlantic cyclones: frequency and intensity changes

Semmler¹,

Varghese²,

McGrath³

et al. 2008

Clim. Res.

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Frequency and intensity of cyclones over the North Atlantic are investigated using 2 data sets from simulations with the Rossby Centre regional climate model RCA3. The model domain comprises large parts of the North Atlantic and the adjacent continents. RCA3 is driven by ECHAM5-OM1 general circulation model data for May to December from 1985 to 2000 and May to December from 2085 to 2100 assuming the SRES-A2 emission scenario. We apply an objective algorithm to identify and track tropical and extratropical cyclones, as well as extratropical transition. The simulation indicates increase in the count of strong hurricanes and extratropical cyclones. Contrasting, and generally weaker, changes are seen for the less extreme events. Decreases of 18% in the count of extratropical cyclones and 13% in the count of tropical cyclones with wind speeds of ≥18 m s -1 can be found. Furthermore, there is a pronounced shift in the tracks of hurricanes and their extratropical transition in November and December-more hurricanes are seen over the Gulf of Mexico, the Caribbean Sea and the western Sargasso Sea and less over the southern North Atlantic.

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European high-impact weather caused by the downstream response to the extratropical transition of North Atlantic Hurricane Katia (2011)

Grams

Blumer

2015

Geophys. Res. Lett.

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Tropical cyclones undergoing extratropical transition (ET) are thought to cause high‐impact weather (HIW) close to the transitioning tropical cyclone and in remote regions. However, no study so far clearly attributed European HIW to the downstream impact of North Atlantic ET. When Hurricane Katia underwent ET in September 2011, severe thunderstorms occurred downstream in Central Europe. We quantify the role of Katia in the European HIW, using numerical sensitivity experiments. Results show that Katia was crucial for the evolution of a narrow downstream trough. Large‐scale forcing for ascent ahead of this trough triggered deep convection. In the absence of ET, no trough was present over Europe and no HIW occurred. This study is the first unambiguous documentation that European HIW is caused by the downstream impact of North Atlantic ET and would not occur otherwise. It likewise corroborates the crucial role of ET in altering the large‐scale midlatitude flow in downstream regions.

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Extratropical Transition of Western North Pacific Tropical Cyclones: Midlatitude and Tropical Cyclone Contributions to Reintensification

Cited by 84 publications

References 14 publications

A Composite Perspective of the Extratropical Flow Response to Recurving Western North Pacific Tropical Cyclones

A Composite Perspective of the Extratropical Flow Response to Recurving Western North Pacific Tropical Cyclones

Regional climate model simulations of North Atlantic cyclones: frequency and intensity changes

European high-impact weather caused by the downstream response to the extratropical transition of North Atlantic Hurricane Katia (2011)

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