Extraction of Heavy Metals by 2-Mercaptoethoxy Groups Attached to Silica Gel

Bowe, Craig A.; Martin, Dean F.

doi:10.1081/ese-120037847

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The modified silica gel (modified by the impregnation) with a high-molecular weight quaternary amine (triethyl octadecyl ammonium iodide) has been used for the concentration of heavy metals (Cs, Ag, Hg, Cu, Cd, etc.) for water purification (Tzvetkova and Nickolov 2012;Bowe et al 2003;Bowe and Martin. 2004).…”

Section: Silica Gelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drinking water contamination and treatment techniques

2016

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Water is of fundamental importance for life on earth. The synthesis and structure of cell constituents and transport of nutrients into the cells as well as body metabolism depend on water. The contaminations present in water disturb the spontaneity of the mechanism and result in long/short-term diseases. The probable contaminations and their possible routes are discussed in the present review. Continued research efforts result in some processes/technologies to remove the contaminations from water. The review includes concepts and potentialities of the technologies in a comprehensible form. It also includes some meaningful hybrid technologies and promising awaited technologies in coming years.

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Section: Silica Gelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drinking water contamination and treatment techniques

2016

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“…The progress of the reaction can be measured, e.g., condensation of 0.1 mole of HO-Y-Z should give 1.8 milliliters of water. The reaction is allowed to proceed until completion [17,20]. Clays were also used as supports [18,19].…”

Section: Preparation Of Supported Chelating Agentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chromatographic Separations with Selected Supported Chelating Agents

Martin¹

2013

Column Chromatography

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Chelex is another example of a commercially available supported chelating agent. The material was available from "io-Rad and was used to purify compounds, most notably transition metal ions. [ ] The preference for transition metal ions, e.g., copper II or iron II ions, over such univalent metal ions as sodium or potassium is said to be about to [ ]. The material consists of a styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer to which is attached iminodiacetic acid moieties.In addition, Chelex can be used for purification of DN" [ ]. Though the mechanism of action seems uncertain, a plausible suggestion is that Chelex protects DN" from the effect of heating that is used to release DN" from cells. In addition, Chelex can sequester magnesium and heavy metal ions that would adversely affect the DN". "fter treatment, DN" and RN" remain in the aqueous supernatant above the Chelex sample.Supported chelating agents serve three major functions, i.e., concentration, elimination, and recycling metal ions. Concentration of metal ions is a significant function that enhances analytical capabilities.Measuring the concentration of trace metals in dilute sea water is a significant analytical challenge. Using supported chelators allows an analyst to concentrate transition metals present in trace amounts from a large volume of sea water onto a solid in, say, a chromatography column, then eluting with dilute nitric acid to obtain a suitably concentrated solution. The technique can also be used to eliminate matrix effects. Unfortunately, Chelex seems to be less effective in sea water than in fresh water [ ]."lso, users of Chelex may encounter problems with certain natural waters that are colored with samples of naturally occurring chelating agents such as soil organic acids e.g., fulvic or humic acids that provide competition for metal ions and reduce the effectiveness of Chelex [ , ]. Ryan and Weber [ ] studied this problem and made pre-concentration comparisons of trace levels of copper ion in standard solutions comparing Chelexwith three different chelating agents supported on silica. The reagents tested were N-propylethylenediamine, the bis-dithiobicarbonate of that compound, and -hydroxyquinoline. The results indicated that in the presence of organic compounds typical organic-rich natural waters reduced the effectiveness of Chelexin comparison with the three silica-supported agents. In general, immobilizedquinolinol was the most effective, as prepared by a modified Hill procedure [ ].It is not the purpose of this review to criticize use of a successful commercial supported chelator rather one may note that no such product can be expected to be highly effective under all conditions and circumstances, so it seems appropriate to consider examples of custom-made agents.

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“…By means of SPE, time, costs, and amount of required solvent for the sample preparation can be reduced (Komjarova and others ; Melek and others ). Various solid‐phase extractors including resin (Soylak and others ; Elci and others ; Bermejo‐Barrera and others ; Saracoglu and others ; Narin and others ), silicagel (Bowe and others ; Mendil ), surfactant‐polyvinyl chloride (Marahel and others ), and nanoadsorbents (Cui and others ; Tuzen and others ; Kaur and others ; Afkhami and others ; Pyrzynska ) have been used for preconcentration of metal ions from various samples. Good performance and efficiency advantages of mentioned extraction methods can be thwarted using relatively expensive adsorbents and high maintenance cost (Sari and others ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential of Sawdust as a Green and Economical Sorbent for Simultaneous Preconcentration of Trace Amounts of Cadmium, Cobalt, and Lead from Water, Biological, Food, and Herbal Samples

Baki

Shemirani

Khani

2013

Journal of Food Science

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Application of treated sawdust with NaOH as a green and economical sorbent for simultaneous preconcentration of trace amounts of Cd(II), Co(II), and Pb(II) ions from liver, lettuce, fish, and water as test samples with complicated matrices was investigated. Various parameters, such as effect of pH and contact time, breakthrough volume, type, and concentration of eluent and interference of ions were studied. The sorption was quantitative in the pH of 5.0 to 7.0 and desorption occurred instantaneously with 5.0 mL of mixed solutions of ethanol and 2.0 mol/L HNO3 -HCl and the amount of ions was measured by using flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Linearity was maintained at 3 to 500 μg/L for cobalt, 5.0 to 800 μg/L for lead, and 2.0 to 300 μg/L for cadmium in the original solution. The relative standard deviation was less than 1.80% (n = 6, with concentration of 0.3 mg/L for cadmium and 0.5 mg/L for lead and cobalt). Detection limits and maximum capacity of the sorbent for Co (II), Cd (II), and Pb (II) in the original solution were 0.86, 0.50, and 1.7 μg/L and 28.5, 30.6, and 47.3 mg/g, respectively. The results for spiked real samples, effect of interfering ions, and adsorption capacity indicated that the applicability of this method for lead preconcentration is better than cadmium and cobalt preconcentration from complicated matrices. Practical Application: Sawdust can be applied as a green and economical sorbent for simultaneous preconcentration and solid-phase extraction of metal ions from food and environmental samples with complicated matrices.

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Extraction of Heavy Metals by 2-Mercaptoethoxy Groups Attached to Silica Gel

Cited by 7 publications

References 9 publications

Drinking water contamination and treatment techniques

Drinking water contamination and treatment techniques

Chromatographic Separations with Selected Supported Chelating Agents

Potential of Sawdust as a Green and Economical Sorbent for Simultaneous Preconcentration of Trace Amounts of Cadmium, Cobalt, and Lead from Water, Biological, Food, and Herbal Samples

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