Extraction of Essential Oils of Rosmarinus officinalis L. by Two Different Methods: Hydrodistillation and Microwave Assisted Hydrodistillation

Abstract

The extraction of essential oils is generally carried out by two main techniques: azeotropic distillation (hydrodistillation, hydrodiffusion, and steam distillation) and extraction with solvents. However, these traditional methods are a bit expensive, especially since they are extremely energy and solvent consuming. This work consists in studying two methods of extraction of the essential oils of Rosmarinus officinalis L.: microwave assisted hydrodistillation (MAH) and Clevenger hydrodistillation (CH). Several parameters have been studied: the extraction time, the yield, and the chemical composition of the essential oils as well as the efficiency and cost of each procedure. The results obtained revealed that microwave-assisted hydrodistillation makes it possible to minimize the extraction time of the essential oils in comparison with conventional hydrodistillation. Thus, the same yield of essential oils is obtained for 20 minutes only with MAH while it takes 180 minutes with CH. In addition, the quality of the essential oil is improved thanks to a 1.14% increase in oxygenates. In conclusion, the MAH method offers significant advantages over conventional hydrodistillation and can therefore replace it on a pilot and industrial scale.

New Tricks for Old Guys: Recent Developments in the Chemistry, Biochemistry, Applications and Exploitation of Selected Species from the Lamiaceae Family

“…[56] O. vulgare is one of the main species of this genus and then the most studied, however, other minor species show interesting chemical composition associated with biological activities, for example a study of the chemical characterization and the evaluation of antimicrobial, enzyme inhibitory, and antioxidant activities of methanol and water extracts of Turkish O. onites has been recently reported. [424] In total 28 components belonging to polyphenols, flavonoids, terpenoids, organic acids and esters have been identified: 3-O-(4-coumaroyl)quinic acid (16), acacetin (17), cirsimaritin (14), naringenin (9), tuberonic acid glucoside (18), ferulic acid (3), apigenin-7,4'-dimethyl ether (19), azelaic acid (20), baicalin (21), casticin (22), cirsiliol (11), dihydrorobinetin (23), gardenin B (24), genkwanin (25), isoferulic acid (26), kaempferol (27), nevadensin (28), oroxylin A 7-O-glucuronide (29), quercetin (30), rosmarinic acid methyl ester (31), sakuranetin (32) and salvigenin (33).…”

“…For the above mentioned reasons, several studies were conducted in the recent past with the aim to optimize or increase the yields of EOs using novel techniques in addition or as ‘pre‐treatments’ of the traditional way of production. Examples of these novel techniques are microwave‐assisted hydrodistillation, solvent‐free microwave extraction, ultrasounds, ultrasonic‐microwave assisted preceded by enzymolysis . From these studies, it emerges that the combination of advanced and traditional techniques leads to a variable increase in yields and a significant reduction in times with consequent energy savings.…”

Rosmarinus officinalis Essential Oil Improves Scopolamine-Induced Neurobehavioral Changes via Restoration of Cholinergic Function and Brain Antioxidant Status in Zebrafish (Danio rerio)

“…Our results are supported by Bouyahya et al [31], who reported eucalyptol (23.673%), camphor (18.743%), borneol (15.46%), and α-pinene (14.076%) as the major chemical components of the REO. In addition, Elyemni et al [32] reported the presence of eucalyptol (32.18%), camphor (16.20%), α-pinene (15.82%), camphene (9.16%), and α-terpineol (7.36%) in the chemical composition of the REO. Based on these studies, our essential oil exhibits a chemical composition commensurate to those reported by other authors who presume its memory-enhancing and antioxidant activity.…”

Romero (Rosmarinus officinalis L.): su origen, importancia y generalidades de sus metabolitos secundarios

“…Su aceite esencial y extractos son antimicrobianos con propiedades antioxidantes (Basheer, 2018), anti-nefrotóxicos, antiinflamatorios, antitumorales, anti-hepatotóxicos (El-Desouky et al, 2019), antihelmínticos (Zoral et al, 2018), anticancerígenos (Karim et al, 2017), antifúngicos (Ebrahimi et al, 2020), insecticidas, antidiabéticos, antimutagénicos, anti-toxigénicos (Nieto et al, 2018), citotóxicos, analgésicos, herbicidas, hipoglucémicos, hipolipemiantes (Karadağ et al, 2019), antiartríticos (Beltrán et al, 2017), antidepresivos, antiobesidad, neuroprotectores (Hamidpour, Hamidpour & Elias, 2017), antihiperglucémicos, antihiperlipidémicos (Ali et al, 2019), antidiarreicos (Selmi, Rtibi, Grami, Sebai & Marzouki, 2017) e inhibidoreres de la germinación de semillas (Sadeh et al, 2019), efecto inhibidor contra el VIH (Barbieri et al, 2019), vasorrelajantes (Zhang et al, 2019), antivirales (Sumintarti et al, 2018), antitrombóticos (Elyemni et al, 2019), hipouricémicos, proapoptóticos (de Oliveira et al, 2019), anti-infecciosos, espasmolíticos (Gomes et al, 2020), entre otros más.…”

“…El romero posee alrededor de un 0.5-2.5% de aceite esencial, conformado en su mayor parte por 1,8-cineol (15-50%), alcanfor (15-25%), α-pineno (10-25%), canfeno (5.2-8.6%) y borneol (3.2-7.7%) (Sumintarti et al, 2018). El aceite esencial de mayor calidad es obtenido de sus hojas, donde se encuentra la mayoría de las tricomas glandulares que lo secretan (Elyemni et al, 2019).…”