Rosmarinus officinalis Essential Oil Improves Scopolamine-Induced Neurobehavioral Changes via Restoration of Cholinergic Function and Brain Antioxidant Status in Zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Abstract

Rosmarinus officinalis L. is a traditional herb with various therapeutic applications such as antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidepressant, and anticholinesterase activities, and can be used for the prevention or treatment of dementia. In the present study, we tested whether Rosmarinus officinalis L. could counteract scopolamine-induced anxiety, dementia, and brain oxidative stress in the zebrafish model and tried to find the underlying mechanism. Rosmarinus officinalis L. essential oil (REO: 25, 150, and 300 µL/L) was administered by immersion to zebrafish (Danio rerio) once daily for eight days while scopolamine (100 µM) treatment was delivered 30 min before behavioral tests. The antidepressant and cognitive-enhancing actions of the essential oil in the scopolamine zebrafish model was measured in the novel tank diving test (NTT) and Y-maze test. The chemical composition was identified by Gas chromatograph–Mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. The brain oxidative status and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity was also determined. REO reversed scopolamine-induced anxiety, memory impairment, and brain oxidative stress. In addition, a reduced brain AChE activity following the administration of REO in scopolamine-treated fish was observed. In conclusion, REO exerted antidepressant-like effect and cognitive-enhancing action and was able to abolish AChE alteration and brain oxidative stress induced by scopolamine.

Mediterranean Natural Extracts Improved Cognitive Behavior in Zebrafish and Healthy Rats and Ameliorated LPS-induced Cognitive Impairment in a Sex Dependent Manner

“…Accordingly, our behavioral results show that both GGRE and RE improved retention memory as indicated by the T-maze test. Similarly, RE has been shown to improve cognitive function in a zebra sh model of amnesia induced by scopolamine (38). We also found that improvement in retention memory was best at the lowest concentration used (100 mg/L).…”

Anxiolytic, Promnesic, Anti-Acetylcholinesterase and Antioxidant Effects of Cotinine and 6-Hydroxy-L-Nicotine in Scopolamine-Induced Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Model of Alzheimer’s Disease

“…The animals were assigned into ten experimental groups (10 fish per group), each group being housed in 24 L tanks as follow: the control group, the SCOP group, the GAL group (used as a positive control in memory tasks), the IMP group (used as a positive control in anxiety test), two NIC groups (1 and 2 mg/L), two COT groups (1 and 2 mg/L) and two 6HLN groups (1 and 2 mg/L). Before performing a behavioral task, fish (except those from the control group) were individually placed in SCOP solution 100 µM for 30 min to induce the zebrafish model of AD, as previously described [ 36 , 37 , 38 ]. Subsequently, fish were individually subjected to a 3 min acute treatment with 1 and 2 mg/L of NIC, COT, or 6HLN in a 0.5 L pre-treatment beaker ( Figure 2 ).…”

Ameliorative Effects of Rhoifolin in Scopolamine-Induced Amnesic Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Model

“…The doses of Sco, Rho, IMP, and GAL were chosen following a previous report [ 17 ]. Rho (1, 3, and 5 μg/L) was individually delivered to fish through transferring into a 500 mL glass for 1 h, once daily, whereas the Sco (100 μM) treatment was administered once independently by moving into a 500 mL glass 30 min before the behavioral tests [ 18 ]. This study was previously approved by the local board of ethics for animal experimentation (No.…”