Extracting depth information of 3-dimensional structures from a single-view X-ray Fourier-transform hologram

Abstract

Extracting depth information of 3-dimensional structures from a single-view X-ray Fourier-transform hologramGeilhufe, J.; Tieg, C.; Pfau, Bastian; Guenther, C. M.; Guehrs, E.; Schaffert, S.; Eisebitt, Stefan General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights.• Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research.• You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Abstract: We demonstrate how information about the three-dimensional structure of an object can be extracted from a single Fourier-transform Xray hologram. In contrast to lens-based 3D imaging approaches that provide depth information of a specimen utilizing several images from different angles or via adjusting the focus to different depths, our method capitalizes on the use of the holographically encoded phase and amplitude information of the object's wavefield. It enables single-shot measurements of 3D objects at coherent X-ray sources. As the ratio of longitudinal resolution over transverse resolution scales proportional to the diameter of the reference beam aperture over the X-ray wavelength, we expect the approach to be particularly useful in the extreme ultraviolet and soft-X-ray regime. Extracting depth information of 3-dimensional structures from a single-view X-ray

Mask-based dual-axes tomoholography using soft x-rays

“…As a result the tomograms have a higher quality than tomograms recorded with a single axis of rotation. In contrast to obtaining 3D information via a single, high numerical aperture hologram [4] this tomographic approach allows for an isotropic spatial resolution in 3D-with the exception of sample spatial frequencies falling into the missing data pyramid.…”

“…Recently, it was demonstrated that the depth information could be extracted from a single x-ray hologram using the opaque mask-design. This was achieved by the propagation of the reconstructed complex wave-field through different planes of the sample [4]. In contrast to tomography, the lateral and longitudinal resolution differ from each other by an order of magnitude and the objects to be imaged must be separated laterally from each other.…”

“…Due to the holographic encoding of amplitude and phase, an image of the object can be extracted by direct Fourier inversion. In addition, the wavefield generated by the object can be inspected in different planes along the optical axis through back propagation [3,4]. Virtual optics can be employed to calculate the effect of different optical transformations of the wavefront, obtaining e.g.…”

A general approach to obtain soft x-ray transparency for thin films grown on bulk substrates

“…8 The reconstruction of the real-space image was obtained via a 2D Fourier transform of the hologram and free-wave propagation along the optical axis to the thin film sample plane. 18,19 In the second test, utilizing absorption contrast rather than XMCD, a gecko-shaped test pattern was deposited on a crystalline MgO(100) substrate using electron-beam induced Pt deposition from organic precursor molecules. Due to the deposition process, the approximately 50 nm thick test object is estimated to consist of only 20-50 at.% Pt, with the remainder being carbon from the precursor molecules.…”

Dynamic Imaging with X-ray Holography

“…Using holography for soft X-ray imaging, first demonstrated in a lensless setup in 2004 [1], is a rather novel approach that is still under heavy development and significant improvements have been made in the past few years [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. Still, permanent holography end stations with user support, as common for more established techniques such as (scanning) transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM) or photo emission electron microscopy (PEEM), are not yet available.…”