Extracellular vesicles on demand (EVOD) chip for screening and quantification of cancer-associated extracellular vesicles

Kang, Yoon‐Tae; Hadlock, Thomas; Jolly, Shruti; Nagrath, Sunitha

doi:10.1016/j.bios.2020.112535

Cited by 33 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Owing to the rapid development of various exosome detection technologies in recent years, exosomal ncRNAs have become a specific and effective biomarker for clinical liquid biopsy (123)(124)(125). Methods of exosome isolation to date include ultracentrifugation (mostly approved for exosome purity), ultrafiltration, size-exclusion chromatography, polymer precipitation, immunoaffinity chromatography, and microfluidics-based techniques (126)(127)(128).…”

Section: Exosomal Ncrna As a Specific Biomarker For Liquid Biopsymentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights Into Exosomal Non-Coding RNAs Sorting Mechanism and Clinical Application

Qiu

Zhang

et al. 2021

Front. Oncol.

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Exosomes are natural nanoscale bilayer phospholipid vesicles that can be secreted by almost all types of cells and are detected in almost all types of body fluids. Exosomes are effective mediators of cell–cell signaling communication because of their ability to carry and transfer a variety of bioactive molecules, including non-coding RNAs. Non-coding RNAs have also been found to exert strong effects on a variety of biological processes, including tumorigenesis. Many researchers have established that exosomes encapsulate bioactive non-coding RNAs that alter the biological phenotype of specific target cells in an autocrine or a paracrine manner. However, the mechanism by which the producer cells package non-coding RNAs into exosomes is not well understood. This review focuses on the current research on exosomal non-coding RNAs, including the biogenesis of exosomes, the possible mechanism of sorting non-coding RNAs, their biological functions, and their potential for clinical application in the future.

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Section: Exosomal Ncrna As a Specific Biomarker For Liquid Biopsymentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights Into Exosomal Non-Coding RNAs Sorting Mechanism and Clinical Application

Qiu

Zhang

et al. 2021

Front. Oncol.

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“…Though there are many methods to quantify EVs such as quantification of particle number by nanoparticle tracking analysis, or measurement of particulate components such as proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids are relative suitable proxy for EVs quantification, it is still imperfect and need further improvement. Some work has tried to give solutions to this issue, and they build their own quantification platforms based on antibodies, immunoassay, and imaging flow cytometry, which are able to selectively detect tumor‐derived EVs 151–153 . And in their work, compared to healthy donors, cancerous samples are able to release more EVs, and gene knockdown of organ‐tropic membrane proteins could decrease organ‐tropic EVs to specific organ 154 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some work has tried to give solutions to this issue, and they build their own quantification platforms based on antibodies, immunoassay, and imaging flow cytometry, which are able to selectively detect tumor-derived EVs. [151][152][153] And in their work, compared to healthy donors, cancerous samples are able to release more EVs, and gene knockdown of organ-tropic membrane proteins could decrease organ-tropic EVs to specific organ. 154 This might indicate that increasing of EVs secretion promotes cancer progression.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An insight into small extracellular vesicles: Their roles in colorectal cancer progression and potential clinical applications

Zhong

et al. 2020

Clinical & Translational Med

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Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide and patients with metastasis usually have a poor prognosis. Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) have been identified to play a significant role in intercellular communication. sEVs released from different cells exert huge effects on CRC cell proliferation and metastasis. They could also serve as biomarkers for CRC diagnosis and prognosis and be a potential drug delivery system to treat CRC patients.

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“…Affinity-based isolation of exosomes on chips usually relies on capture probes (typically antibodies or aptamers) to identify generic membrane markers (e.g., CD9 and CD63) or specific exosome biomarkers, such as epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM), EGFR, melanoma cell adhesion molecule, and melanoma-associated chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan. [101][102][103][104][105][106] Compared to size-based methods, which can only retrieve total exosomes from bio-fluids, immunocapture on chip provides an opportunity for separating either total exosomes or sub-type exosomes. Generally, there are two main types of immunocapture-on-a-chip strategies.…”

Section: Immunocapture On Chipmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Holistic Review of the State‐of‐the‐Art Microfluidics for Exosome Separation: An Overview of the Current Status, Existing Obstacles, and Future Outlook

Ding

Yang

Gao

et al. 2021

Small

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Exosomes, which form a class of extracellular vesicles (EVs), are membrane-bound lipid nanovesicles with sizes typically in the Exosomes, a class of small extracellular vesicles (30-150 nm), are secreted by almost all types of cells into virtually all body fluids. These small vesicles are attracting increasing research attention owing to their potential for disease diagnosis and therapy. However, their inherent heterogeneity and the complexity of bio-fluids pose significant challenges for their isolation. Even the "gold standard," differential centrifugation, suffers from poor yields and is time-consuming. In this context, recent developments in microfluidic technologies have provided an ideal system for exosome extraction and these devices exhibit some fascinating properties such as high speeds, good portability, and low sample volumes. In this review, the focus is on the state-ofthe-art microfluidic technologies for exosome isolation and highlight potential directions for future research and development by analyzing the challenges faced by the current strategies. range of 30-150 nm. [1] They are secreted by almost all cells into diverse bio-fluids, including blood, urine, breast milk, saliva, lymph, and cerebrospinal fluid. [2] The discovery of exosomes dates back to the 1980s, but for many years after their discovery, they were regarded as "dust". [3,4] However, recent studies have shown that they play a crucial role in intercellular communication. [5,6] The biogenesis of exosomes includes double invagination of membranes, formation of intracellular multivesicular bodies (MVBs), and the release of exosomes (Figure 1). The first invagination process (plasma-membrane budding) generates early-sorting endosomes (ESEs) that can develop into late-sorting endosomes (LSEs). The LSEs are invaginated once again to form MVBs containing intraluminal vesicles (ILVs). Finally, the MVBs fuse with the plasma membrane to release ILVs (exosomes). [7] After release, these exosomes are taken up by recipient cells via multiple processes, such as macropinocytosis, fusion with the cell membrane, clathrin-dependent endocytosis, and phagocytosis. [8] The exosomes uptaken can act either at the surface of the recipient cells or deliver functional cargo in their bulk, thus affecting recipient-cell behavior. [9] Thus, exosomes play a key role in various physiological and pathological processes, including mammalian reproduction and development, immune responses, and disease progression. [10] Exosomes are reported to exhibit many excellent characteristics for clinical applications (Figure 2). 1) They can reflect the real-time state of the original cell, as they are actively secreted by living cells. 2) They are abundant in virtually all biological fluids (up to 10 10 vesicles per mL). [11] 3) Exosomes have enriched contents, including cell-surface substances and cytoplasmic constituents (including proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and metabolites). Furthermore, exosomes can not only protect enzyme-sensitive cargos from degradation, but also ...

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Extracellular vesicles on demand (EVOD) chip for screening and quantification of cancer-associated extracellular vesicles

Cited by 33 publications

References 41 publications

Insights Into Exosomal Non-Coding RNAs Sorting Mechanism and Clinical Application

Insights Into Exosomal Non-Coding RNAs Sorting Mechanism and Clinical Application

An insight into small extracellular vesicles: Their roles in colorectal cancer progression and potential clinical applications

A Holistic Review of the State‐of‐the‐Art Microfluidics for Exosome Separation: An Overview of the Current Status, Existing Obstacles, and Future Outlook

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