Extracellular space diffusion analysis in the infant and adult rat striatum using magnetic resonance imaging

Yang, Shangqi; Wang, Yan; Li, Kai; Tang, Xiaolu; Zhang, Kuo; Shi, Ce; Han, Hongbin; Peng, Yun

doi:10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2016.05.009

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 38 publications

(50 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…However, the magnitude, locus, and proportions of the brain ISS are not static. Significant transformations ensue in ISS during the development of the brain due to events such as neurogenesis, neuronal migration and differentiation, expansion of dendritic tree, synaptogenesis, gliogenesis, synaptic stripping by microglia, and myelination [1,[5][6][7][8][9][10]. The geometry of the brain ISS also undergoes modification in aging due to the loss of synapses, neurons, dendritic regression, changes in morphology and numbers of glia, senoinflammation, and deposition of amyloid plaques [11][12][13][14][15].…”

Section: The Geometry Of the Brain Issmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Interstitial System of the Brain in Health and Disease

Shetty

Zanirati

2020

Aging and disease

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The brain interstitial fluid (ISF) and the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cushion and support the brain cells. The ISF occupies the brain interstitial system (ISS), whereas the CSF fills the brain ventricles and the subarachnoid space. The brain ISS is an asymmetrical, tortuous, and exceptionally confined space between neural cells and the brain microvasculature. Recently, with a newly developed in vivo measuring technique, a series of discoveries have been made in the brain ISS and the drainage of ISF. The goal of this review is to confer recent advances in our understanding of the brain ISS, including its structure, function, and the various processes mediating or disrupting ISF drainage in physiological and pathological conditions. The brain ISF in the deep brain regions has recently been demonstrated to drain in a compartmentalized ISS instead of a highly connected system, together with the drainage of ISF into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) at the surface of the cerebral cortex and the transportation from CSF into cervical lymph nodes. Besides, accumulation of tau in the brain ISS in conditions such as Alzheimer's disease and its link to the sleep-wake cycle and sleep deprivation, clearance of ISF in a deep sleep via increased CSF flow, novel approaches to remove beta-amyloid from the brain ISS, and obstruction to the ISF drainage in neurological conditions are deliberated. Moreover, the role of ISS in the passage of extracellular vesicles (EVs) released from neural cells and the rapid targeting of therapeutic EVs into neural cells in the entire brain following an intranasal administration, and the promise and limitations of ISS based drug delivery approaches are discussed Key words: beta-amyloid, cerebrospinal fluid, extracellular matrix, extracellular vesicles, glymphatic system, interstitial fluid, phosphorylated tau contiguous glia, or the adjoining neurons and glia is also known as the extracellular space (ECS) [1-3].

show abstract

Section: The Geometry Of the Brain Issmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Interstitial System of the Brain in Health and Disease

Shetty

Zanirati

2020

Aging and disease

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, at present, the functional mechanisms, hydromechanical characteristics, and components of ISF in the deep brain are not clear. Much research has focused on clarifying the properties and regulatory mechanisms of ISF flow in the deep brain [ 12 - 15 ], and it has been shown that external stimulation can affect ISF flow in the thalamus (Tha) [ 16 ]. AQP4, widely distributed on the foot processes of astrocytes, plays a critical role in interstitial flow [ 17 ].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Aquaporin-4 Knockout on Interstitial Fluid Flow and the Structure of the Extracellular Space in the Deep Brain

Teng

Wang

et al. 2018

Aging and disease

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

It has been reported that aquaporin-4 (AQP4) deficiency impairs transportation between the cerebrospinal fluid and interstitial fluid (ISF) as well as the clearance of interstitial solutes in the superficial brain. However, the effect of AQP4 on ISF flow in the deep brain remains unclear. This study compared the brain ISF flow in the caudate nucleus and thalamus of normal rats (NO) and AQP4 knockout rats (KO) using tracer-based magnetic resonance imaging. The rate of brain ISF flow slowed to different degrees in the two regions of KO rats’ brains. Compared with NO rats, the half-life of ISF in the thalamus of KO rats was significantly prolonged, with a corresponding decrease in the clearance coefficient. The tortuosity of the brain extracellular space (ECS) was unchanged in the thalamus of KO rats. In the caudate nucleus of KO rats, the volume fraction of the ECS and the diffusion coefficient were increased, with significantly decreased tortuosity; no significant changes in brain ISF flow were demonstrated. Combined with a change in the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein and AQP4 in two brain regions, we found that the effect of AQP4 knockout on ISF flow and ECS structure in these two regions differed. This difference may be related to the distribution of astrocytes and the extent of AQP4 decline. This study provides evidence for the involvement of AQP4 in ISF transportation in the deep brain and provides a basis for the establishment of a pharmacokinetic model of the brain’s interstitial pathway.

show abstract

“…The same team of researchers recently found that the cerebral interstitial fluid drainage was partitioned and the new division was completely different from any previous regionalization. [20][21][22] This finding was helpful for exploring the mechanism underlying SDD.…”

Section: Parameters As a New Diagnostic Methods In Therapeutic Evaluatmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…After TTC staining, the authors found that the infarct volume in the citicoline group was markedly smaller than that in the pMCAO group, which indicated the effectiveness of SDD. The same team of researchers recently found that the cerebral interstitial fluid drainage was partitioned and the new division was completely different from any previous regionalization . This finding was helpful for exploring the mechanism underlying SDD.…”

mentioning

confidence: 92%