“…Synthetic B. napus (A r A r C o C o ) is known to be meiotically unstable with frequent chromosomal exchanges between the A and C subgenomes, which can result in genomic rearrangements and structural variants (Song et al ., 1995 ; Szadkowski et al ., 2010 ; Xiong et al ., 2011 ). Other changes may involve gene expression and epigenetic modifications (Chen and Pikaard, 1997 ; Gaeta et al ., 2007 ; Lukens et al ., 2006 ; Ran et al ., 2016 ; Xu et al ., 2009 ), transposable element activation and small RNA changes (Albertin et al ., 2006 ; Fu et al ., 2016 ; Hurgobin et al ., 2018 ; Palacios et al ., 2019 ), changes in tRNA (Wei et al ., 2014 ), and the rapid mutation of repetitive sequences (Gao et al ., 2014 ). Synthetic B. napus (A r A r C c C c ), whose genome was mostly replaced by B. rapa and B. carinata , showed a stable genome after generations of self‐pollination and recurrent selection but still contained numerous structural variation that was significantly different from that of traditional B. napus (Hu et al ., 2019 ; Zou et al ., 2018 ).…”