Exploring the gene pool ofBrassica napusby genomics‐based approaches

Abstract

Summary De novo allopolyploidization in Brassica provides a very successful model for reconstructing polyploid genomes using progenitor species and relatives to broaden crop gene pools and understand genome evolution after polyploidy, interspecific hybridization and exotic introgression. B. napus (AACC), the major cultivated rapeseed species and the third largest oilseed crop in the world, is a young Brassica species with a limited genetic base resulting from its short history of domestication, cultivation, and intensive selection during breeding for target economic traits. However, the gene pool of B. napus has been significantly enriched in recent decades that has been benefit from worldwide effects by the successful introduction of abundant subgenomic variation and novel genomic variation via intraspecific, interspecific and intergeneric crosses. An important question in this respect is how to utilize such variation to breed crops adapted to the changing global climate. Here, we review the genetic diversity, genome structure, and population‐level differentiation of the B. napus gene pool in relation to known exotic introgressions from various species of the Brassicaceae, especially those elucidated by recent genome‐sequencing projects. We also summarize progress in gene cloning, trait‐marker associations, gene editing, molecular marker‐assisted selection and genome‐wide prediction, and describe the challenges and opportunities of these techniques as molecular platforms to exploit novel genomic variation and their value in the rapeseed gene pool. Future progress will accelerate the creation and manipulation of genetic diversity with genomic‐based improvement, as well as provide novel insights into the neo‐domestication of polyploid crops with novel genetic diversity from reconstructed genomes.

The impacts of allopolyploidization on Methyl-CpG-Binding Domain (MBD) gene family in Brassica napus

“…Brassicaceae share the same ancestral karyotypes, basic genomic blocks, and significant synteny between genomes [ 24 ]. Brassica napus (AACC, 2n = 4x = 38), an allotetraploid plant, is formed by interspecific crosses between two diploid ancestors, Brassica rapa (AA, 2n = 2x = 20) and Brassica oleracea (CC, 2n = 2x = 18), followed by whole-genome duplication (WGD) events and it is an excellent material for studying plant polyploidy [ 25 ]. To date, MBD genes have been identified and studied in Arabidopsis, rice, maize and other plants [ 26 ], but the influence of the process of allopolyploidy on this gene family is still unknown in the Brassica genus.…”

Analyzing Modern Biomolecules: The Revolution of Nucleic-Acid Sequencing – Review

“…Systems biology strategies are particularly interesting, implementing holistic approaches in these scenarios, integrating different -omics and bioinformatics tools [52]. This is especially relevant in the current trend of global warming and climate change [53][54][55][56][57]. As with structural genomics, studies of functional genomics are growing at an exponential rate in different areas related to biological entities.…”

Multi-Functional Development and Utilization of Rapeseed: Comprehensive Analysis of the Nutritional Value of Rapeseed Sprouts

“…Rapeseed is not only the world’s third largest oil crop, but also the most important oil crop in China [ 1 ]. To increase the economic value of rapeseed, multi-purpose development and utilization strategy of rapeseed has been proposed with the goal of integrated use of oil, flower, vegetable, honey, feed, fertilizer in Chinese Rapeseed Industry [ 2 ].…”