Expression of the mouse HPRT gene: Deletional analysis of the promoter region of an X-Chromosome linked housekeeping gene

Melton, David W.; McEwan, Carolanne; McKie, Arthur B.; Reid, Angela M.

doi:10.1016/0092-8674(86)90766-x

Cited by 156 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…The human adenosine deaminase promoter region contained three inverted repeats (31), and the mouse dihydrofolate reductase gene contained three copies of the 48-bp repeat (25). More extensive repeats were located in the promoter region of the mouse HPRT gene (27). Deletional analysis of the mouse dihydrofolate reductase promoter region showed that at least one copy of the repeat is necessary for expression (25).…”

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Structural and functional analysis of the rat malic enzyme gene promoter.

Morioka¹,

Tennyson²,

Nikodem³

1988

Mol. Cell. Biol.

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We have characterized sequences of genomic DNA 5' to the coding region of the rat malic enzyme gene. This sequence possesses neither TATA nor CCAAT sequences in their usual positions but is rich in GC residues. Sequences similar to those found in the regulatory regions of other genes are discussed. Deletion analyses have revealed that sequences + 1 to -41 are sufficient to initiate expression, although inclusion of information up to -177 is necessary for maximal promoter activity.Rat liver malic enzyme (ME) (EC 1.1.1.40) plays an important role in lipogenesis. We have previously reported cloning (22) and the sequence of ME mRNA (21) and shown its regulation by thyroid hormone and a high carbohydrate diet (4)(5)(6). To investigate regulation of the ME gene, we have identified and sequenced its 5'-flanking region.The sequence shown in Fig. 1 extends from the EcoRI site through the transcription start site and includes 109 base pairs (bp) of the first exon with a portion of the first intron. The structural organization of the ME promoter differs from that found in tissue-specific promoters, which are usually rapidly regulated and often switched off, but it resembles more closely promoter regions of several eucaryotic constitutive or "housekeeping" genes (23-28, 30, 31), the simian virus 40 late promoter (9), and some recently characterized proto-oncogenes (16,17). A TATA box (2), usually located 20 to 30 bp upstream from cap sites, lies at -622 ( Fig. 1). The sequence CCGAT, between -144 and -140, resembles the canonical CCAAT consensus sequence often found at a position 80 bp from transcription start sites in many eucaryotic promoters (7). The most striking motif is the nine hexanucleotides CCGCCC. Six of these GC boxes are located upstream from the major cap site from -376 to -10. One GC box is present in an untranslated region, while the last two GC boxes are found within the first intron. Noteworthy is the number of nucleotides, (i.e., 65, 63, and 61) separating the GC motifs at -46, -111, -174, and -235, respectively. This rather equal spacing, also seen in the 5'-flanking region of the adenosine deaminase gene (31), might play a role in the chromatin assembly required for expression. The 6-bp sequence of the GC motif is the same sequence that is repeated six times within the simian virus 40 promoter (9) and has been shown to be a core element in the decanucleotide sequence, exhibiting high affinity binding for Spl (1,8 with one deletion) to the consensus sequence of the 3' region of a 48-bp repeated element in the mouse dihydrofolate reductase gene (25).Farther downstream from -124 to -119 is the hexanucleotide sequence 5'-CGCTTC-3'. Three copies of this sequence occur within the boundaries of the Moloney murine sarcoma virus long terminal repeat distal transcription signal (11), immediately downstream from the CCAAT box. The position of this element relative to a CAT-like box (-144) found in the ME gene 5'-flanking region imitates the position identified in the viral long terminal repeat. We also note t...

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“…(B) Relative promoter activities of the ME CAT chimeric plasmids. Transfections with pME CAT recombinant plasmids and pCH110 plasmid were performed as described elsewhere (10) (27). Numbers indicate the sizes of the probe and extended products, determined from a sequencing reaction of the cDNA fragments.…”

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confidence: 99%

Structural and functional analysis of the rat malic enzyme gene promoter.

Morioka¹,

Tennyson²,

Nikodem³

1988

Mol. Cell. Biol.

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“…Spl is required for transcription of the cellular genes dihydrofolate reductase (Dynan et al 1986) and the Harvey rasl proto-oncogene (Ishii et al 1986). Many other cellular genes, including DNA polymerase ~ (Yamaguchi et al 1988), HMG coenzyme A (CoA) reductase (Reynolds et al 1984), adenosine deaminase (Valerio et al 1985), and hypoxanthine phosphori-bosyltransferase (Melton et al 1986), contain one or more GG-box motifs within their promoter sequences and may therefore interact with Spl.…”

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SV40 stimulates expression of the transacting factor Sp1 at the mRNA level.

Saffer¹,

Jackson²,

Thurston³

1990

Genes Dev.

123

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“…Some other Gprotein-coupled receptors also lack TATA-box sequences or paired TATA/CAAT elements in their promoter region [14,15]. But all these receptors have a high G + C content upstream from the translation initiation site and this feature resembles the promoters of 'housekeeping genes' [16]. In our case, however, the 5' flanking sequence of HSUBR is rather A/T rich, there are no remarkable SP,-binding motifs [17], thus it is still unclear, how and where the HSUBR gene transcription is initiated.…”

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Organization and chromosomal localization of the gene for the human bombesin receptor subtype expressed in pregnant uterus

et al. 1994

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The gene encoding the human homologue of the guinea pig uterine bombesm receptor [( 1992) Eur. J. Biochem. 208,405] was isolated from a genomic lambda library by the PCR/homology screening approach. The gene spans more than 4 kb and consists of 3 exons and 2 introns. The deduced amino acid sequence shows about 86% identity to that of guinea pig bombesin receptor. This subtype of bombesin receptor is expressed in the pregnant uterus and in two human tumour cell lines, T47D (ductal breast carcinoma) and A431 (epidermal carcinoma). PCR analysis of genomic DNA from human-mouse cell hybrids allows the cloned gene to be localized to the region q26q28 on chromosome X.

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Expression of the mouse HPRT gene: Deletional analysis of the promoter region of an X-Chromosome linked housekeeping gene

Cited by 156 publications

References 39 publications

Structural and functional analysis of the rat malic enzyme gene promoter.

Structural and functional analysis of the rat malic enzyme gene promoter.

SV40 stimulates expression of the transacting factor Sp1 at the mRNA level.

Organization and chromosomal localization of the gene for the human bombesin receptor subtype expressed in pregnant uterus

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