Expression of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) polyisoprenoids in response to Ganoderma boninense infection

Abstract

Afandi D, Basyuni M, Putri LAP, Chalil D, Syahputra I. 2019. Expression of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) polyisoprenoids in response to Ganoderma boninense infection. Biodiversitas 20: 68-76. Currently, oil palm is an important economic crop and has become one of the world's major vegetable oils as well as a potential source of biodiesel. Unfortunately, oil palm plantations in Asia, particularly in Indonesia and Malaysia face the threat of basal stem root diseases caused by Ganoderma sp. Various methods and approaches have been made to select the oil palm that is tolerant to Ganoderma boninense, among others using biochemical selection. This research aimed to analyze polyisoprenoids expressionof oil palm tolerant to G. boninense using two-dimensional thin layer chromatography (2D-TLC). The plant material used in this trial weretwo cross-series of genetic materials belonging to PT Socfindo, that were known to have certain levelsof tolerance to G. boninense. The first wasa cross-series of 15-year-old oil palm in the field, and the secondwasa new cross-series for an early detection in the nursery stage. The results showed that there werediversitiesin the expression of polyisoprenoids between tissues, treatments, and level of tolerance. Polyprenols with a chain length of C45-C65 and dolichols of C45-C55were detected in the leaf tissue but not found in the root tissue. Polyprenols with a carbon chain length of C80-C100 occurred in infected palm root tissue but did not in the healthy oil palm. The increase of polyisoprenoid (polyprenol and dolichol) in infected and inoculated root tissues it is presumablydue to the plant biochemical response to the presence of G. boninense attack. Cluster analysis demonstrated distinct groups of polyisoprenoid carbon-chains betweenroot and leaf tissues of oil palm mature and seedling. Interestingly, in the absence of G. boninense infection, the polyisoprenoid carbon chain pattern in the tolerant oil palm seedlingroot tissue is different from that in the susceptible seedlings. Thus, the polyisoprenoid carbon chain pattern can be considered as a potential biochemical marker for the screening of oil palm tolerance to G. boninense.

Distribution of polyprenol and dolichol in oil palms from Pisifera parents and mature plants from tissue culture propagation

“…Although studies related to the biological activity of polyprenol and dolichol are still limited, in general, the results of the study explain that these two secondary metabolite compounds are involved in plant defense mechanisms against abiotic and biotic stress (Basyuni et al 2017a;Baczewska et al 2014). Afandi et al (2019) reported that there was a different expression of polyisoprenoid profiles concerning the level of plant resistance to Ganoderma boninense attack. This difference in expression is also related to its presence in different tissues, treatments, and tolerance levels of plants.…”

DNA intensity and genetic diversity of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) to determine an elite low lipase line

“…The DNA band profile resulted by all different markers have measured the intensity of bands (as a predicted expression) using Gel Analyzer 2010 and scored according to above of average as (1) and below-average as (0) to collect a binary matrix to put on cluster analysis (Afandi et al 2018).…”

Genetic diversity and structure of Ganoderma boninense isolates from oil palm and other plantation crops

“…The present study supported the previous reports (Afandi et al 2018) that molecular markers to be considered as promising markers for G. boninense resistance screening oil palm. In addition to the polyisoprenoid pattern in E. guineensis as a potential biochemical marker in response to G. boninense infection (Afandi et al 2019). Table 3 shows the microsatellite for the population of G. boninense isolates.…”

“…Recently molecular performances showing the grouping of plant resistance to G. boninense occurred in healthy leaves of mature oil palm (Afandi et al 2018). Furthermore, polyisoprenoid carbon chain-length has been shown to be a chemotaxonomic marker for the screening of oil palm resistance to G. boninense (Afandi et al 2019. Therefore, a study on genetic diversity and structure of G. boninense is needed in order to formulate improved control strategies for this disease.…”