Basal Stem Rot (BSR) is a prevalent oil palm disease caused by Ganoderma fungus. Many oil palm plantations suffered losses due to BSR disease, which caused deaths of oil palm crops. Ganoderma has host plants from the Palmae family such as oil palm, coconut, Nipah, aren, areca nut, papyrus, and also can be found in Industrial Plantation Forest (HTI) like Acacia, even in the forest wood can also be encountered Ganoderma. Ganoderma has high genetic diversity. Fruiting bodies which isolated from oil palm tree located in different locations is one of the factors causing genetic diversity. The Ganoderma isolates analysed in this study were isolates derived from different oil palm plantation. Ganoderma isolates collection of PT Socfindo is used in a screening test to obtain oil palm material which has resistance to Ganoderma attack. The present study confirmed through DNA sequences that Ganoderma derived from oil palm has been defined as a Ganoderma boninense, that is very virulent for the appearance of BSR disease.
ABSTRAKBanyak perkebunan kelapa sawit mengalami kerugian karena penyakit busuk batang bawah, yang disebabkan oleh Ganoderma boninense, yaitu jamur yang menyebabkan kematian pada tanaman. Praktek kultur teknis agaronomis dan pengelolaan fitosanitari dapat mengurangi dampak penyakit namun harus sejalan dengan penggunaan bahan tanaman yang tahan terhadap G. boninense. Ketahanan total tanaman-tanaman terhadap jamur belum ada dilaporkan, namun banyak contoh yang sudah diamati, termasuk kelapa sawit (Durand-Gasselin et al, 2014).Kelapa sawit, merupakan tanaman yang memiliki arti penting secara ekonomi, yang merupakan salah satu sumber minyak nabati penting di dunia dan sebagai bahan bakar biodiesel yang baik. Namun saat ini, kelapa sawit menghadapi masalah terhadap serangan penyakit. Banyak penelitian yang telah dilakukan, menyatakan bahwa Ganoderma boninense merupakan patogen utama penyebab penyakit yang menyerang kelapa sawit, bahkan sampai tingkat mematikan (Hushiarian et al, 2013). Ketahanan genetis terhadap penyakit busuk pangkal batang merupakan komponen utama dalam strategi pengendalian penyakit tersebut pada tanaman kelapa sawit. Deteksi awal pada tingkat ketahanan atau kerentanan adalah hal yang sangat penting untuk pemuliaan dan kesinambungan tanaman kelapa sawit khususnya di Asia Tenggara. Screening test berbagai progeni kelapa sawit telah dikembangkan melalui pertukaran bahan tanaman antara PT PP London Sumatera dan PT Socfin Indonesia (Breton et al, 2008). Kata kunci : kelapa sawit, busuk pangkal batang, Ganoderma boninense, bahan tanaman, partial resistant PENDAHULUAN Penyakit busuk pangkal batang telah dilaporkan muncul di berbagai daerah meliputi Asia Tenggara, yakni Indonesia dan Malaysia; Afrika meliputi Angola,
Abstract. Purba A, Hayati R, Putri LAP, Chalil D, Afandi D, Syahputra I, Basyuni M. 2020. Genetic diversity and structure of Ganoderma boninense isolates from oil palm and other plantation crops. Biodiversitas 21: 451-456. Oil palm is an economically important plant, which one of the most important sources of vegetable oil in the world. However, oil palm plantation and other crops face the treat basal stem rot (BSR) disease by Ganoderma boninense. A study on genetic diversity and structure of G. boninense is therefore needed in order to formulate improved control strategies for this disease. This work aimed to analyze the genetic diversity and structure of the G. boninense isolates derived from different hosts, 131 oil palm (Elaeis guineensis), six rubber (Hevea brasiliensis), three coconuts (Cocos nucifera), and three lontar palm (Borassus flabellifer). Genetic diversity and population structure of G. boninense isolates were investigated using six SSR markers with GenAlex 6.502 software. Results showed that several microsatellite loci indicated specific primary success rates, such as KT124402, KT124399, and KT124394, depicting high polymorphism content (>75%). This result suggested that these markers were equally effective in determining the polymorphisms of G. boninense isolates. A hierarchical analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed that genetic diversity mostly found among individuals within a population (88%), then among populations (8%), and within individuals (4%).. Phylogeny analysis showed two clusters of Ganoderma isolates. which was considered variation as dissimilar across with origin. The present study indicated that G. boninense from oil palm was predominantly comprised of a genetically distinct individual.
Method of CTAB (cetyltrimethylethylammonium bromide) is prevalent for low-cost DNA extraction with many published variations for other plants and tissues, including fungi Ganoderma. The quantity of DNA extracts from the Ganoderma sp fungus from a coconut tree and rubber tree with concentration extraction efficiency and the quality of purity wholeness varied with different DNA characterizations. DNA purity was measured using UV spectroscopy, where a ratio of 260 nm, 280 nm 320 nm was an indicator of different contaminants. The quantity of DNA from the isolate is indicated by 31 ng/ul until 133 ng/ul and range of ratio from 1,279 until 3,6654. The DNA extraction quantity ratio value obtained is below, and above the average, for absorbance 260 nm, 280 nm and 320 nm varies between 1.5 until 1.8 which is an indicator of DNA purity. Pure DNA isolate without contaminants is only found in sample isolate Ganoderma sp 141.1 from coconut tree with a ratio value of 2.2707. Furthermore on the other samples thought to be still contaminated with phenols, salts, proteins, polysaccharide or RNA still co-extracted with phenolic acid (chloroform phenol).
The current report examines the bioinformatics approaches to analyse 13 predicted Ganodermaboninense genes from Elaeis guineensisJacq. along with predicted the assembly, pattern, potential transit peptide, and subcellular localisation. The length of the genes was varied with the genes examined, from 209 to 222 bp. It is noteworthy the physicochemical heterogeneity properties consistingcomparative molecular weight, theoretical isoelectric point value, the total atomic number, extinction coefficient, instability coefficient, aliphatic index, and general average hydropathicity along with the analysed genes. Based on stability coefficients, 13 G. boninense genes were unstable proteins, mostly stored in the cytoplasm, microbody (peroxisome), and endoplasmic reticulum (membrane). In contrast to this osbervation, a few genes were existed to the plasma membrane. BLAST search showed that 13 sequences of G. boninenses isolates show high similarity (89-99%) to the G. boninense strain NJ3 in the database of NCBI.These findingspointed the significantknowledge on the diversity and role of physical and chemical characteristics of the distinguishable amino acids in G. boninenseisolates.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.