Expression of Apocrine Differentiation Markers in Neuroendocrine Breast Carcinomas of Aged Women

Sapino, Anna; Righi, Luisella; Cassoni, Paola; Papotti, Mauro; Gugliotta, Patrizia; Bussolati, Gianni

doi:10.1038/modpathol.3880387

Cited by 110 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 32 publications

(18 reference statements)

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“…In evaluation of the 99 patients with primary NET of gut, they found no expression of GCDFP-15, mammaglobin, or TTF-1. Other studies have reported similar results using these tumor markers [1,[10][11][12].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Neuroendocrine tumor of the breast: Is it primary or metastatic?

Dervishaj¹,

Renzi²,

Genato³

et al. 2016

IJCRI

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International Journal of Case Reports and Images (IJCRI) is an international, peer reviewed, monthly, open access, online journal, publishing high-quality, articles in all areas of basic medical sciences and clinical specialties.Aim of IJCRI is to encourage the publication of new information by providing a platform for reporting of unique, unusual and rare cases which enhance understanding of disease process, its diagnosis, management and clinico-pathologic correlations.IJCRI publishes Review Articles, Case Series, Case Reports, Case in Images, Clinical Images and Letters to Editor. Website: www.ijcasereportsandimages.comNeuroendocrine tumor of the breast:Is it primary or metastatic?Ornela A. Dervishaj, Alexandra S. Renzi, Romulo Genato, Philip Q. Xiao, Armand P. Asarian ABSTRACT Introduction: Neuroendocrine breast carcinoma is a rare form of tumor that may be either primary or metastatic. Case Report: We present the case of a patient who was referred to our outpatient office with the diagnosis of a triple negative invasive breast carcinoma on an ultrasound-guided core needle biopsy. The patient subsequently underwent a lumpectomy with sentinel lymph node biopsy. Postoperative pathology revealed neuroendocrine carcinoma of the breast with sentinel lymph node biopsy negative for carcinoma. The tumor cells were positive for AE1/AE3, chromogranin, synaptophysin and CD-56 but negative for estrogen, progesterone and HER2. To exclude a primary carcinoma elsewhere, we obtained a whole body PET scan which showed a mildly hypermetabolic mesenteric mass in the midline with curvilinear calcification. Computed tomography scan of the abdomen and pelvis with oral and IV contrast showed a mass-like soft tissue within the terminal ileum with thickening of the cecum. An octreotide scan of the whole body revealed abnormal activity in the midline of the lower abdomen 6 hours and 24 hours after administration of octreotide. Colonoscopy showed a nodular friable mass in the ileocecal valve extending from the terminal ileum. Biopsy from the colonoscopy demonstrated a neuroendocrine carcinoma. The patient subsequently underwent a right hemicolectomy with primary anastomosis. Postoperative pathology was concordant with a neuroendocrine carcinoma and 9 of the 20 lymph nodes were positive for carcinoma. We performed a literature review to explore the reported incidence, diagnosis and treatment of this rare tumor metastasizing to the breast. Conclusion: Differentiating between primary and metastatic tumor of the breast represents a challenge, albeit an important one, as the first disease can subject the patient to the morbidities of a mastectomy with axillary node dissection and the other is locally controlled.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Neuroendocrine tumor of the breast: Is it primary or metastatic?

Dervishaj¹,

Renzi²,

Genato³

et al. 2016

IJCRI

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“…Previous studies have suggested that cellular mucinous and solid papillary types of NEC are associated with a better prognosis. 9,22 In the current study, there were only 3 cellular mucinous carcinomas and no cases of solid papillary carcinoma. Our study shows a worse prognosis for NEC of the breast as compared with previous studies with large proportions of solid papillary and/or mucinous carcinomas.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 47%

“…11,12,14 Two studies with 35 and 10 patients showed no prognostic significance. 9,13 Our data show that NEC is a distinct subtype of mammary carcinoma. NECs are significantly more likely to be ER/PR positive and HER-2 negative.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Invasive neuroendocrine carcinoma of the breast

Wei

Tian

Xing

et al. 2010

Cancer

155

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BACKGROUND: Neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) of the breast, a pathologic entity newly defined in the 2003 World Health Organization classification of tumors, is a rare type of tumor that is not well recognized or studied. The purpose of this first case-controlled study is to reveal the clinicopathologic features, therapeutic response, and outcomes of patients with NEC of the breast. METHODS: Seventy-four patients with NEC of the breast who were treated at The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center were analyzed; 68 of them had complete clinical follow-up. Two cohorts of invasive mammary carcinoma cases were selected to pair with NEC to reveal demographic, pathologic, and clinical features at presentation, along with therapeutic response to treatment and patient outcomes. RESULTS: NEC was more likely to be estrogen receptor/progesterone receptor positive and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 negative. Despite similar age and disease stages at presentation, NEC showed a more aggressive course than invasive ductal carcinoma, with a higher propensity for local and distant recurrence and poorer overall survival. High nuclear grade, large tumor size, and regional lymph node metastasis were significant negative prognostic factors for distant recurrence-free survival; high nuclear grade and regional lymph node metastasis were also significant negative prognostic factors for overall survival. Although endocrine therapy and radiation therapy showed a trend toward improved survival, the small number of cases in this study limited the statistical power to reveal therapeutic benefits in NEC of the breast. CONCLUSIONS: NEC is a distinct type of aggressive mammary carcinoma. Novel therapeutic approaches should be explored for this uniquely different clinical entity.

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“…AR are frequently expressed together with ER and progesterone receptor (PgR) in well diffe rentiated breast cancer [4][5][6], but are rarely present in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) positive tumors [7,8]. Specific cancer histotypes, such as the apocrine carcinoma consistently express AR [9][10] despite being ER and PgR-negative, and AR expression has been reported in about 45% of triple negative breast cancers [4,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%