Expression and polymorphism of defensins in farm animals.

Abstract

Due to their activity against bacteria, viruses, and fungi, antimicrobial peptides are important factors in the innate resistance system of humans and animals. They are called "new generation antibiotics" for their potential use in preventive and therapeutic medicine. The most numerous group of antimicrobial peptides is a family of cationic peptides which include defensins and cathelicidins. Among them the most common are peptides with a beta-sheet structure containing three intra-molecular disulphide bonds, called defensins, comprising three classes: alpha, beta, and theta. The class of beta-defensins is the largest one. Their transcripts have been found in many tissues of humans and animals. The aim of this paper is to present the current knowledge about antimicrobial peptides from the defensin family in farm animals, their expression, polymorphism, as well as the potential of their use as genetic markers of health and production traits.

Hayvanlarda Defensi̇nler Ve Özelli̇kleri̇

“…Keçilerde de keçi β-defensin-1 ve -2 (goat beta-defensin-1/-2; GBD-1/-2) olmak üzere iki β-defensin türü belirlenmiştir (3,33).…”

“…Kanatlı heterofilleri oksidatif mekanizmaya sahip olmadığı için AvβD'ler doğal immun yanıtta çok önemli role sahiptir. Heterofil peptidler arasında tavuklarda iki heterofil peptid (chicken heterophil peptides; CHP-1 ve -2) ile üç gallinasin (Gal-1, -2 ve Gal-1α), hindilerde üç heterofil peptid (turkey heterophil peptides; THP-1,-2 ve -3) ve deve kuşlarında ostricasin (ostrich beta-defensin-1, OSP-1) sayılabilir (3,6).…”

“…Defensin sentezi at, köpek, balık, fare, rat, çinçilla, domuz gibi hayvanlarda da tes-pit edilmiştir (3,13,39,40,41,42). At β-defensin-1'i (equine beta-defensin-1; eBD-1) karaciğer, kalp, akciğer, dalak, böbrek ve gastrointestinal sisteminde saptanmış ancak bu dokulardaki aktiviteleri konusunda henüz bilgi olmadığına dikkat çekilmiştir (16,43).…”

“…Defensinler antibakteriyel, antifungal, antiviral ve antiparaziter aktiviteye sahiptirler (2). Mikrobiyal invazyondan hemen sonra aktive olarak etkeni doğrudan öldürebilir veya düzenleyici aktiviteleri ile doğal immun yanıta katkıda bulunurlar (2,3). Aktimikrobiyal aktivite mekanizmaları tüm defensin tiplerinde benzerdir.…”

Innate immune defense system of the skin

“…β‐Defensins (BDs) identified in mammalian skin include human BD (hBD) 1, 2 and 3, chicken gallinacin‐3, bovine lingual AMP, porcine BD2, 3, 4 and 129, equine BD2 and canine BD (cBD) 1, 2, 3, 102, 103, 122 and 127 12,15,17,62–64 . Of the cBDs, only cBD1 and cBD103 have readily detectable cutaneous expression, with cBD103 having the highest expression 65 .…”