Innate Immune Defense System of the Skin

Afshar, Maryam; Gallo, Richard L.

doi:10.1002/9781118644317.ch5

Cited by 11 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 99 publications

(147 reference statements)

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“…The innate immune system has been ascribed a role in skin barrier function through release of antimicrobial peptides (1); defects in the innate immune system are implicated in atopic dermatitis (2). The adaptive immune system, in contrast, has received less attention regarding its contribution to barrier function of the skin.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptive immunity to murine skin commensals

Shen¹,

Li²,

Hixon³

et al. 2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Significance Barrier function of the skin in blocking microbial invasion has been attributed to the structural integrity of the epithelium, augmented by innate immune mechanisms. T cells and antigen-presenting cells have long been observed in the skin, but what is their role? Here we report, for the first time, that commensal skin bacteria are recognized by major populations of T cells in skin-draining lymph nodes of mice. We report a previously unrecognized role for T cells in preventing breach of the skin epithelial barrier by certain species of commensal bacteria, especially mycobacteria, and we examine the mechanism. Patients deficient in T cells frequently show infectious cutaneous manifestations and mycobacterial susceptibility, reflecting features of our study in mice.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptive immunity to murine skin commensals

Shen¹,

Li²,

Hixon³

et al. 2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…Skin commensals mostly do not harm, live in symbiosis and in general are even beneficial to the host. An important host factor regulating the composition and balance of the skin commensals is the skin innate and adaptive immune response to microorganisms . Several recent reports indicate that skin commensals may be involved in the pathogenesis of HS.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biofilm production and antibiotic susceptibility of Staphylococcus epidermidis strains from Hidradenitis Suppurativa lesions

Ardon

Prens

Fuursted

et al. 2018

Acad Dermatol Venereol

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We observed a slight increase in S. epidermidis virulence, characterized by resistance to commonly used antibiotics, increased biofilm production and resistance to biofilm eradication. In particular, the reduced sensitivity to tetracycline and clindamycin, two standard antibiotics in the treatment of HS, is alarming. Rifampicin, also important in HS treatment, showed the greatest efficacy at eradicating the biofilm at low MIC concentrations.

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“…Once the epithelial barrier fails because of infection or injury, the rate of LL‐37 expression is further increased through the active synthesis by keratinocytes themselves and by the recruited immune cells such as neutrophil and mast cells. The increased levels of LL‐37 halt bacterial proliferation while promoting re‐epithelialization of the skin …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

LL‐37 fragments have antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilms and wound healing potential in HaCaT cell line

Saporito

Mouritzen

Løbner-Olesen

et al. 2018

Journal of Peptide Science

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Staphylococcus epidermidis is a common nosocomial pathogen able to form biofilms in indwelling devices, resulting in chronic infections, which are refractory to antibiotics treatment. Staphylococcal biofilms are also associated with the delayed reepithelization and healing of chronic wounds. The human cathelicidin peptide LL-37 has been proven active against S. epidermidis biofilms in vitro and to promote wound healing. As previous studies have demonstrated that fragments of LL-37 could possess an equal antibacterial activity as the parent peptide, we tested whether shorter (12-mer) synthetic fragments of LL-37 maintained the antibiofilm and/or immune modulating activity, aiming at the identification of essential regions within the LL-37 parent sequence. Three fragments of LL-37 displayed improved activity against S. epidermidis in terms of biofilm inhibition and eradication, a reduced cytotoxicity to human keratinocytes and erythrocytes. In addition, KR-12 and VQ-12 enhanced wound healing potential, relative to LL37. FK-12 and KR-12 are truncated version of the cathelicidin, previously reported as valid antimicrobials, whereas VQ-12 is a single substituted LL-37 fragment. Remarkably, the single substitution aspartic acid to valine in position 26 caused gain of antimicrobial function in the inactive VQ-12 fragment. The combination of antibiofilm, wound healing potential, and low cytotoxicity makes KR-12 and VQ-12 promising therapeutic agents and lead compounds for further improvement and understanding of antibiofilm and wound healing properties.

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Innate Immune Defense System of the Skin

Cited by 11 publications

References 99 publications

Adaptive immunity to murine skin commensals

Adaptive immunity to murine skin commensals

Biofilm production and antibiotic susceptibility of Staphylococcus epidermidis strains from Hidradenitis Suppurativa lesions

LL‐37 fragments have antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilms and wound healing potential in HaCaT cell line

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