Exposure to volatile organic compounds and loss of pulmonary function in the elderly

Yoon, Hyun-Soo; Hong, Yun–Chul; Cho, S. H.; Kim, H.; Kim, Y. H.; Sohn, Jong Ryeul; Kwon, Mikyung; Park, S. H.; Cho, M. H.; Cheong, Hae-Kwan

doi:10.1183/09031936.00153509

Cited by 111 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…A recent study suggested that formaldehyde levels were associated with increased risk of reporting COPD in elderly nursing home residents (74), and few studies have suggested that exposure to aldehydes and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) may be linked to respiratory symptoms and lung function in the elderly (79); however, the role of aldehydes and VOCs in COPD, to our knowledge, has not been studied.…”

Section: Indoor Air Pollution and Copdmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Air Pollution and Temperature on COPD

Hansel

McCormack

Kim

2015

COPD: Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

192

116

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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) affects 12–16 million people in the United States and is the third-leading cause of death. In developed countries, smoking is the greatest risk factor for the development of COPD, but other exposures also contribute to the development and progression of the disease. Several studies suggest, though are not definitive, that outdoor air pollution exposure is linked to the prevalence and incidence of COPD. Among individuals with COPD, outdoor air pollutants are associated with loss of lung function and increased respiratory symptoms. In addition, outdoor air pollutants are also associated with COPD exacerbations and mortality. There is much less evidence for the impact of indoor air on COPD, especially in developed countries in residences without biomass exposure. The limited existing data suggests that indoor particulate matter and nitrogen dioxide concentrations are linked to increased respiratory symptoms among patients with COPD. In addition, with the projected increases in temperature and extreme weather events in the context of climate change there has been increased attention to the effects of heat exposure. Extremes of temperature—both heat and cold—have been associated with increased respiratory morbidity in COPD. Some studies also suggest that temperature may modify the effect of pollution exposure and though results are not conclusive, understanding factors that may modify susceptibility to air pollution in patients with COPD is of utmost importance.

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Section: Indoor Air Pollution and Copdmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Air Pollution and Temperature on COPD

Hansel

McCormack

Kim

2015

COPD: Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

192

116

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“…Desktop sized 3D printers in particular, are often used in educational institutions, public spaces such as libraries, design offices and within homes (Harrop 2015). It is known that the commercial extrusion processing of thermoplastics emits both particles and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) (Adams et al 1999), and some of the thermal decomposition products are recognized to be toxic (Rutkowski and Levin 1986;Unwin et al 2013;Yoon et al 2010). It follows that FDM 3D printers are potentially hazardous to operate in certain indoor environments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of particle emissions from consumer fused deposition modeling 3D printers

Zhang

Wong

Davis

et al. 2017

Aerosol Science and Technology

100

157

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Particle emissions from multiple fused deposition modeling consumer 3D printers were systematically quantified utilizing an established emission testing protocol (Blue Angel) to allow quantitative exposure assessments for printers operating in different environments. The data are consistent with particle generation from volatilization of the polymer filament as it is heated by the extruder. Typically, as printing begins, a burst of new particle formation leads to the smallest sizes and maximum number concentrations produced throughout the print job. For acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) filaments, instantaneous concentrations were up to 10 6 #/cm 3 with mean particle sizes of 20 to 40 nm when measured in a well mixed 1 m 3 chamber with 1 air change per hour. Particles are continuously formed during printing and the size distribution evolves consistent with vapor condensation and particle coagulation. Particles emitted per mass of filament consumed (particle yield) varied widely due to factors including printer brand, and type and brand of filament. Higher extruder temperatures result in larger emissions. For filament materials tested, average particle number yields ranged from 7.3 £ 10 8 to 5.2 £ 10 10 g ¡1 (approximately 0.65 to 24 ppm), with trace additives apparently driving the large variations. Nanoparticles (diameters less than 100 nm) dominate number distributions, whereas diameters in the range of 200 to 500 nm contribute most to estimated mass. Because 3D printers are often used in public spaces and personal residences, the general public and particularly susceptible populations, such as children, can be exposed to high concentrations of non-engineered nanoparticles of potential toxicity. EDITORJing Wang

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“…While interpreting these outcomes, it seems reasonable to assume that increased activities of antioxidant enzymes might be indicative of increased oxidative stress, possibly caused by an occupational exposure of nail technicians. Indeed, exacerbation of oxidative stress has already been implicated in mechanisms underlying the effects exerted by the low-level exposure to VOC in both the animal models (22,45) and human subjects (10,11,46). Notwithstanding, the above-mentioned lack of any significant changes in levels of TBARS and DNA strand breaks between nail technicians and control subjects seems to contradict this thesis.…”

Section: Grešner Et Almentioning

confidence: 42%