Exploring the potential of tocotrienol from Bixa orellana as a single agent targeting metabolic syndrome and bone loss

Wong, Sok Kuan; Chin, Kok‐Yong; Suhaimi, Farihah; Ahmad, Fairus; Ima‐Nirwana, Soelaiman

doi:10.1016/j.bone.2018.07.003

Cited by 36 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Palm T3 and γT3 at 60 mg/kg were proven effective in preserving the trabecular bone structure by improving the BV/TV and Tb.Th in bone loss models induced by nicotine [145] and ferric nitrilotriacetate [146]. Supplementation of palm and annatto T3 at 60 mg/kg also exerted positive anabolic effects on bone structure, such as increasing BV/TV, Tb.N and decreasing Tb.Sp in rats with osteoporosis induced by testosterone deficiency [147] and MetS [148][149][150].…”

Section: Effects Of Tocotrienol On Osteoporosismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pro-inflammatory cytokines play a significant role in bone resorption. T3 supplementation reversed elevation of IL-1 and IL-6 induced by oestrogen deficiency [161], nicotine [162], ferric nitrilotriacetate [146], and MetS [148][149][150]. Reduction of these cytokines in the circulation could suppress osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption.…”

Section: Effects Of Tocotrienol On Osteoporosismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Potential Role of Tocotrienols on Non-Communicable Diseases: A Review of Current Evidence

et al. 2020

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Tocotrienol (T3) is a subfamily of vitamin E known for its wide array of medicinal properties. This review aimed to summarize the health benefits of T3, particularly in prevention or treatment of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), including cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, metabolic, gastric, and skin disorders, as well as cancers. Studies showed that T3 could prevent various NCDs, by suppressing 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR) in the mevalonate pathway, inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and alternating hormones. The efficacy of T3 in preventing/treating these NCDs is similar or greater compared to tocopherol (TF). TF may lower the efficacy of T3 because the efficacy of the combination of TF and T3 was lower than T3 alone in some studies. Data investigating the effects of T3 on osteoporosis, arthritis, and peptic ulcers in human are limited. The positive outcomes of T3 treatment obtained from the preclinical studies warrant further validation from clinical trials.Nutrients 2020, 12, 259 2 of 84 Nutrients 2020, 12, 259 4 of 84 the order δ > γ > β > α [45]. Using HepG2 cells, γT3 was shown to stimulate apolipoprotein B (Apo-B) degradation by decreasing its translocation into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumen. This action eventually caused a reduction in the number of Apo-B in lipoprotein particles [46]. Other reports showed that γT3 and δT3 had the potential to reduce the hepatic TG synthesis and very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) secretion by suppressing expression of genes involved in lipid homeostasis, particularly the TG, cholesterol, and VLDL biosynthesis. Moreover, δT3 also promoted the efflux of LDL through LDL receptor expression [47]. A summary of the literature on effect of T3 supplementation on lipid profile of hypercholesterolemic model in vitro is shown in Table 1.Animal models of dyslipidemia have been used to investigate the effects of T3 on lipid profile. Several animals have been tested, including chicken, swine and rodents (rats, hamsters, guinea pigs). In chickens fed with a varying level of αTF and γT3, Qureshi et al. (1996) showed that αTF enhanced the inhibition of HMGCR by γT3. They further stipulated that the vitamin E mixture should contain 15-20% of αTF and approximately 60% of γT3 or δT3 for optimal anti-cholesterol effects [48]. In the subsequent study, demonstrated that combination of 50 ppm T3-rich fraction (TRF) and 50 ppm lovastatin was more effective in suppressing HMGCR activity compared to lovastatin alone in chickens. The combination also reduced serum TC and LDL-C, TG, Apo-B, thromboxane B 2 , and platelet factor 4 in contrast to individual treatment [49]. Using chicken supplemented with 50 ppm of δT3, Qureshi et al. (2011) further revealed that δT3 reduced TC and LDL-C besides suppressing the lipid elevating effects of dexamethasone and potentiated the TG-lowering effect of riboflavin [50]. Using genetically hypercholesterolemic swine, Qureshi et al. (1991) demonstrated the significant effect of TRF in lowering serum TC, LDL-C, Apo-B, thrombo...

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Section: Effects Of Tocotrienol On Osteoporosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Effects Of Tocotrienol On Osteoporosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Role of Tocotrienols on Non-Communicable Diseases: A Review of Current Evidence

et al. 2020

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“…Apart from that, vitamin E possesses bone-protective properties in various surgical castrated [ 31 , 32 ] and chemically-induced osteoporotic animal models [ 33 , 34 ]. In addition, our recent data demonstrated that tocotrienol improved MetS features and bone microstructure in male rats [ 35 , 36 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Vitamin E from Elaeis guineensis (Oil Palm) in a Rat Model of Bone Loss Due to Metabolic Syndrome

Wong

Chin

Suhaimi

et al. 2018

IJERPH

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The beneficial effects of vitamin E in improving components of MetS or bone loss have been established. This study aimed to investigate the potential of palm vitamin E (PVE) as a single agent, targeting MetS and bone loss concurrently, using a MetS animal model. Twelve-week-old male Wistar rats were divided into five groups. The baseline group was sacrificed upon arrival. The normal group was given standard rat chow. The remaining three groups were fed with high-carbohydrate high-fat (HCHF) diet and treated with tocopherol-stripped corn oil (vehicle), 60 mg/kg or 100 mg/kg PVE. At the end of the study, the rats were evaluated for MetS parameters and bone density. After euthanasia, blood and femurs were harvested for the evaluation of lipid profile, bone histomorphometric analysis, and remodeling markers. PVE improved blood pressure, glycemic status, and lipid profile; increased osteoblast surface, osteoid surface, bone volume, and trabecular thickness, as well as decreased eroded surface and single-labeled surface. Administration of PVE also significantly reduced leptin level in the HCHF rats. PVE is a potential agent in concurrently preventing MetS and protecting bone loss. This may be, in part, achieved by reducing the leptin level and modulating the bone remodeling activity in male rats.

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“…28 Similarly, AnTT preserved trabecular bone microarchitecture in an animal model of osteoporosis induced by testosterone deficiency and metabolic syndrome. 37,42 Several limitations should be acknowledged in this study. We only studied the mevalonate pathway partially, focusing on the upstream (HMGR) and down-stream (RhoA) section of the pathway.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

<p>Annatto-Derived Tocotrienol Promotes Mineralization of MC3T3-E1 Cells by Enhancing BMP-2 Protein Expression via Inhibiting RhoA Activation and HMG-CoA Reductase Gene Expression</p>

Hasan¹,

Chin²,

Ghafar³

et al. 2020

DDDT

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Exploring the potential of tocotrienol from Bixa orellana as a single agent targeting metabolic syndrome and bone loss

Cited by 36 publications

References 65 publications

Potential Role of Tocotrienols on Non-Communicable Diseases: A Review of Current Evidence

Potential Role of Tocotrienols on Non-Communicable Diseases: A Review of Current Evidence

The Effects of Vitamin E from Elaeis guineensis (Oil Palm) in a Rat Model of Bone Loss Due to Metabolic Syndrome

<p>Annatto-Derived Tocotrienol Promotes Mineralization of MC3T3-E1 Cells by Enhancing BMP-2 Protein Expression via Inhibiting RhoA Activation and HMG-CoA Reductase Gene Expression</p>

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