Exploring the microstructure of natural fibre composites by confocal Raman imaging and image analysis

Parametric mapping of cellular morphology in plant tissue sections by gray level granulometry

“…Several extensions of the proposed method may be envisioned. A first extension could be to locally quantify the anisotropy, by means of directional granulometries [48,49]. The computation of parametric mappings obtained from attribute granulometries [50][51][52][53], for example area opening, should also provide meaningful results, as the resulting granulometries can be made independent from the shape of the structuring element The use of non-flat structuring elements may be envisioned, at the cost of an increased computational complexity.…”

Lignocellulosic fibers: a critical review of the extrusion process for enhancement of the properties of natural fiber composites

“…As reported in some of our previous works, the characterization of the microstructure can be conducted from nanoscale to macroscale with a large broad of different techniques (e.g., Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), micro X-ray Computed Tomography (X-ray CT), Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM), Confocal Raman Imaging (CRI)) and, oen the time, the imaging techniques require an accurate image analysis, especially to investigate and to understand the relations between the microstructure and the material properties. 14…”

“…11,111 Single-screw can also be used to reduce the shear rate in order to preserve the cohesiveness of LC bers for some reasons (e.g., investigation of the pretreatment effectiveness, development of analytical methods). 14 Choosing between a single-screw or a twin-screw extruder should be the rst action to conduct before processing LC bers reinforced composites and, to our opinion, could be considered as the rst parameter to dene. Ideally, the choice of the extruder should be solely guided by the applications aimed for the composites (e.g., scientic research, industrial application).…”

“…2 This inuence is strongly related to the microstructure of the composites (e.g., dispersion of LC bers, aspect ratio of LC bers, spatial orientation of LC bers). 14 The very wide range of LC bers (e.g., hemp, ax, kenaf, abaca, bagasse, banana) due to natural biodiversity spread all around the planet, according to soil and climate variations, leads to a huge spectrum of different studies. In addition, the diversity of thermoplastic matrixes, such as polypropylene (PP), polylactide (PLA), polyethylene (PE), polystyrene (PS), polycaprolactone (PCL), multiplies the eld of results related to lignocellulosic composites.…”

Quantitative analysis of the distribution and mixing of cellulose nanocrystals in thermoplastic composites using Raman chemical imaging

“…[27][28][29] These studies have focused on the distribution of CNCs in a polypropylene matrix composite, 27 the intermolecular interaction between acetylated nanocrystalline cellulose (AC-NNC) and polylactic acid (PLA) 28 and the dispersion efficiency of additives. 29 In the present study, Raman imaging combined with chemical images are used to quantify the distribution of CNCs in high-density polyethylene (HDPE) composites. Composites were prepared using maleic anhydride modied polyethylene (MAPE) and poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) as a compatibilizer by a melt-compounding process.…”