Exploring the experiences of female sport fans: A collaborative self-ethnography

Hoeber, Larena; Kerwin, Shannon

doi:10.1016/j.smr.2012.12.002

Cited by 72 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The second reason could be the specific questions that we asked surrounding engagement were inadequately constructed or that respondents did not clearly understand them. Engagement is difficult to capture in reflective research and using real-time research tools may better capture instances of spectators being absorbed and immersed in their experiences (e.g., Buckley, 2015;Hoeber & Kerwin, 2013). Finally, it is possible that engagement, as per the PERMA framework, may not emerge in the spectator context.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To build on our research, additional qualitative enquiries are encouraged to use autoethnographic and self-ethnographic methods to limit sources of subjectivity involved in reflective qualitative research (Buckley, 2015;Coghlan & Filo, 2013;Hoeber & Kerwin, 2013). Using these designs may help to provide better distinction between the domains, and could potentially capture evidence of the engagement domain as individuals can be studied whilst they are absorbed and immersed in the contest.…”

Section: Limitations and Future Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exploring PERMA in spectator sport: Applying positive psychology to examine the individual-level benefits of sport consumption

Doyle

Filo

Lock

et al. 2016

Sport Management Review

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Sport spectating provides numerous benefits for sport organisations and individuals.In this paper we use a positive psychology approach to examine the individual-level benefits of sport consumption in order to investigate the activation of five domains of well-being: positive emotions, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment (PERMA).Using a two-study panel research design, we collected qualitative data from a sample of Australian Rules Football consumers. In the first study, we explored how the PERMA domains were activated during the season. Study two included a follow-up interview with eight initial respondents in the off-season. We found evidence of four PERMA domains that were activated in the sport spectator context by a variety of consumer experiences. The emergence of these domains in both studies suggests sport marketers would benefit from actions including: creating more social spaces within their stadiums, hosting regular offseason events, and creating social-media based competitions which promote fan engagement and interactions throughout the calendar year. EXPLORING PERMA IN SPECTATOR SPORT 3Exploring PERMA in spectator sport: Applying positive psychology to examine the individual-level benefits of sport consumption Sport management researchers have traditionally focused on how to leverage the relationship between individuals and sport organisations to benefit sport leagues and teams.Such research contributes to understanding how sport organisations might best connect with customers to reap organisational benefits (Lock, Funk, Doyle, & McDonald, 2014). Whilst valuable, this perspective focuses largely on the perspective of sport organisations, which detracts attention from the individual-level benefits of spectating. Inoue, Berg, and Chelladurai (2015) illustrate this oversight, outlining a paucity of research attention dedicated to the relationship between sport consumption, and health and well-being. Furthermore, Inoue et al. (2015) note that only 9% of studies exploring this relationship are located in sport management journals, prompting a call for more research in this emerging area. Thus, in this paper we investigate the wider impacts of sport consumption and how specific domains of well-being are activated through sport spectating (Wann, 2006c).Research concerning the health and well-being benefits associated with sport has focused mainly on participation; rather than spectatorship. Existing spectator research, however, focuses on health and physical domains of well-being, devoting less attention to psychological states. A review of 135 relevant spectator manuscripts published between 1990 and 2014 demonstrated that health (47%) and physical well-being (24%) are well researched; however, domains of mental (20%) and social well-being (15%) receive much less attention (Inoue et al., 2015). Despite this weakness, researchers have established that sport spectating and psychological health are conceptually (Wann, 2006c) and empirically related (e.g., Branscombe & Wann, 1...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Limitations and Future Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring PERMA in spectator sport: Applying positive psychology to examine the individual-level benefits of sport consumption

Doyle

Filo

Lock

et al. 2016

Sport Management Review

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“…The importance of sport talk, or knowledge Everton Football Club, was paramount if I was to be included in conversation with both male and female fans, primarily because It is assumed a man is a sport fan unless he says not … a woman is not to be a sport fan unless she proves she is one. 39 Although my gaps in knowledge at times left me completely silent on numerous occasions, the many months I had spent researching Everton and its history in the Premier League was recognized. Although efforts to get in and establish rapport are crucial for all researchers, they may be especially tricky for researchers whose personal characteristics are in some way at odds with the group they are researching.…”

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confidence: 99%

‘Which player do you fancy then?’ Locating the female ethnographer in the field of the sociology of sport

Richards

2014

Soccer & Society

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This article examines the gendered nature of sport fan ethnographies and addresses the often-overlooked relationship between a researcher's gender identity and their research environment. It seeks to critically explore the debates that surround female researchers in masculine settings, and argues that the position of a female researcher is both enabling and limiting within the scope of data collection on football fans. Drawing on a qualitative data-set that examines football fans of Everton Football Club, observational data collected over the 2012-2013 Premier League seasons are used to illustrate how the researcher reflexively celebrated, negotiated, subverted and at times froze her femininity. The silencing of the female ethnographer in sport research is attributed to the prominent position that both male sports fans and male scholars occupy in the field. This paper advocates for an alternative approach to the study of sports fans that encourages more reflexively on behalf of the researcher. *

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“…This process of differentiation is aimed at demonstrating to men that they are at the stadium not just because they are 'someone's woman' or because they are looking for a boyfriend. In so doing, ultras women apply to other female supporters the same categories and prejudices that men use to question the legitimacy of female supporters (Crawford, 2004;Hoeber & Kerwin, 2013) or to keep women out of the sport fan context (Jones, 2008).…”

Section: Women's Position and Role In The Ultras Communitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Being women in a male preserve: an ethnography of female footballultras

Pitti

2018

Journal of Gender Studies

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This article looks at the characteristics of contemporary sports audiences from the perspective of gender, focusing on the phenomenon of female ultras or 'professional' football fans. Drawing on ethnographic research conducted in an Italian football ultras group composed of male and female fans, this paper offers an analysis of female participation in communities of organized supporters. In examining the role and position of women inside the considered group, the paper pays attention to their perception of the existing gender differences showing how female ultras explain inequalities on the basis of 'natural' and 'innate' differences and capacities between men and women. Existing patterns of male dominance are supported by female fans' own discourses and performance of their gender identity in the 'male preserve' . Rather than questioning male dominance and gender hierarchies, female supporters' efforts appear aimed at being recognized as ultras 'despite being women' .

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Exploring the experiences of female sport fans: A collaborative self-ethnography

Abstract: 2016-12-23T18:49:38

Cited by 72 publications

References 29 publications

Exploring PERMA in spectator sport: Applying positive psychology to examine the individual-level benefits of sport consumption

Exploring PERMA in spectator sport: Applying positive psychology to examine the individual-level benefits of sport consumption

‘Which player do you fancy then?’ Locating the female ethnographer in the field of the sociology of sport

Being women in a male preserve: an ethnography of female footballultras

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