Exploring the Basis of Citizens’ Attitudes Toward the Police

Frank, James; Smith, Brad W.; Novak, Kenneth J.

doi:10.1177/1098611103258955

Cited by 168 publications

(147 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…While the results of education have also been mixed, (Ho & McKean, 2004), some studies found a positive relationship between education and attitudes toward the police. In these cases, more educated citizens were more likely to hold positive attitudes than less educated citizens (Frank et al, 2005). In contrast, another study found a negative association between education and public attitudes toward services, where higher educated individuals had more negative attitudes (Kakizaki, 2012).…”

Section: Determinants Of Public Opinions Toward the Policementioning

confidence: 76%

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Factors affecting trust in police in Turkey

Çakar¹

2015

HumanSciences

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Law enforcement administrators generally evaluate their performance using statistics related to crime control. These statistics are important indicators for measuring performance, but it is also crucial to measure of public opinions toward the police. This study examines the determinants of public trust in the police. Using data from the European Social Survey (ESS) Round 4, for the analysis, a total sample of 2,416 persons is selected from respondents from Turkey. The study provides a snapshot of citizens' perceptions toward law enforcement. Overall, the results of this study regarding the demographic variables, including age, gender, marital status, and education, were consistent with previous research and proved to be significantly related to trust in the police. Surprisingly, perceived victimization failed to show a significant relationship. However, important predictors included perceived fear of crime and trust in the political system, which had significant impacts on public trust in the police. Especially, fear of crime was a significant predictor of satisfaction with police. Effective crime control and lowering crime rates are considered the core functions of law enforcement by citizens. Therefore, perceived effectiveness in fighting crime can lower individual fear of crime and thus increase satisfaction with law enforcement.

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Section: Determinants Of Public Opinions Toward the Policementioning

confidence: 76%

“…While some studies found no significant association between gender and confidence with the police (Cao et al, 1998;Frank et. al., 2005) other studies found that females held more positive attitudes and satisfaction with the police than males (Dowler and Sparks, 2008;Kaarriainen, 2007;Ivkovic, 2008).…”

Section: Determinants Of Public Opinions Toward the Policementioning

confidence: 99%

Factors affecting trust in police in Turkey

Çakar¹

2015

HumanSciences

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“…He contrasted the effects of experiential, on-scene factors with those of race, age, gender, and language on satisfaction with encounters between police and residents, and argued that the personal characteristics of city residents affected satisfaction primarily through the mediating variables of on-scene actions by police. Recent studies confirm the importance of attributes of officers (e.g., demeanor and fairness) and the encounter (e.g., response time) in shaping citizens' attitudes toward police (Frank, Smith, & Novak, 2005;Tyler, 2005).…”

Section: Personal and Vicarious Experiencesmentioning

confidence: 89%

Race, Class or Neighborhood Context: Which Matters More in Measuring Satisfaction with Police?

Wu¹,

Sun²,

Triplett³

2009

Justice Quarterly

247

264

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The primary purpose of this study is to assess the relative effects of race and class, at both individual and neighborhood levels, on public satisfaction with police. Using hierarchical linear modeling on 1,963 individuals nested within 66 neighborhoods, this study analyzes how individual-level variables, including race, class, age, gender, victimization and contact with police, and neighborhood-level factors, including racial composition, concentrated disadvantage, residential mobility and violent crime rate, influence residents' satisfaction with police. The results from the individual-level analysis indicate that both race and class are equally important predictors. African Americans and lower-class people tend to be less satisfied with police. The significant effects of race and class, however, disappear when neighborhood-level characteristics are considered simultaneously. Neighborhood racial composition affects satisfaction with police, with residents in predominately White and racially mixed neighborhoods having more favorable attitudes than those in predominately African American communities. Further analyses reveal that African Americans in economically advantaged neighborhoods are less likely than Whites in the same kind of neighborhoods to be satisfied with police, whereas African Americans and Whites in disadvantaged communities hold similar levels of satisfaction with police. Implications for future research and policy are discussed.

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“…Nevertheless, there are limitations that must be acknowledged. First, this research is limited due to the lack of available measures indicating contact with the police, which can influence perceptions of the police (e.g., Frank, Smith, & Novak, 2005;Skogan, 2005;Tyler, 2005). Second, because we use cross-sectional data, it is difficult to establish temporal order -it is possible that policecommunity relations may influence racial tension within the community.…”

Section: Limitations and Suggestions For Future Researchmentioning

confidence: 98%

A Multilevel Examination of the Relationship Between Racial Tension and Attitudes Toward the Police

McNeeley

Grothoff

2015

Am J Crim Just

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Prior research has established the effect of race and ethnicity on citizens' perceptions of the police. This paper serves to build on this body of literature by examining the effect of racial tension on attitudes toward the police. Specifically, we conduct multilevel analyses using survey data from Seattle, Washington to explore whether individual perceptions of racial tension and/or community-level racial tension are related to residents' attitudes toward the police. The results show that attitudes toward the police were generally less favorable among respondents who perceived racial tension or mistrust in their communities. Additionally, community racial tension had significant contextual effects on residents' perceived racial profiling by the police. This study has implications for future police policy: understanding how racial tension shapes perceptions of the police will assist in selecting and adapting crime control strategies.

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Exploring the Basis of Citizens’ Attitudes Toward the Police

Cited by 168 publications

References 35 publications

Factors affecting trust in police in Turkey

Factors affecting trust in police in Turkey

Race, Class or Neighborhood Context: Which Matters More in Measuring Satisfaction with Police?

A Multilevel Examination of the Relationship Between Racial Tension and Attitudes Toward the Police

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