Exploring gendered behavior in the field with experiments: Why public goods are provided by women in a Nairobi slum

Greig, Fiona; Bohnet, Iris

doi:10.1016/j.jebo.2008.12.006

Cited by 46 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 33 publications

(30 reference statements)

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“…In fact, women are expected to cooperate more than men in a social dilemma (e.g., Orbell et al, 1994), and this belief especially exists among women (Aguiar, Branas-Garza, Cobo-Reyes, Jimenez, & Miller, 2009;Greig & Bohnet, 2009;Lacy, 1978). Because women (and men) are evaluated negatively when they engage in counter-stereotypical behaviors (Costrich et al, 1975), they may be motivated to conform to their stereotypes.…”

Section: Cooperation In Mixed-sex Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex differences in cooperation: A meta-analytic review of social dilemmas.

Balliet

Macfarlan

et al. 2011

Psychological Bulletin

281

234

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Although it is commonly believed that women are kinder and more cooperative than men, there is conflicting evidence for this assertion. Current theories of sex differences in social behavior suggest that it may be useful to examine in what situations men and women are likely to differ in cooperation. Here, we derive predictions from both sociocultural and evolutionary perspectives on context-specific sex differences in cooperation, and we conduct a unique meta-analytic study of 272 effect sizes-sampled across 50 years of research-on social dilemmas to examine several potential moderators. The overall average effect size is not statistically different from zero (d ϭ -0.05), suggesting that men and women do not differ in their overall amounts of cooperation. However, the association between sex and cooperation is moderated by several key features of the social context: Male-male interactions are more cooperative than female-female interactions (d ϭ 0.16), yet women cooperate more than men in mixed-sex interactions (d ϭ -0.22). In repeated interactions, men are more cooperative than women. Women were more cooperative than men in larger groups and in more recent studies, but these differences disappeared after statistically controlling for several study characteristics. We discuss these results in the context of both sociocultural and evolutionary theories of sex differences, stress the need for an integrated biosocial approach, and outline directions for future research.

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Section: Cooperation In Mixed-sex Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex differences in cooperation: A meta-analytic review of social dilemmas.

Balliet

Macfarlan

et al. 2011

Psychological Bulletin

281

234

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Researchers have shown, for example, that women send more money to their interaction partner only when risk is not involved (i.e., in the role of a trustee versus that of trustor in a trust game; Buchan, Croson, & Solnick, 2008;Croson & Buchan, 1999) and that the expected return partially mediates the influence of sex on the amount sent (Buchan et al, 2008). Furthermore, studying behaviour in a one-shot public goods game, women contributed significantly less than men and this difference is substantially driven by their lower expectations (Greig & Bohnet, 2009). Finally, considerable sex differences concerning trust could be observed in a recent cross-cultural study including participants from 17 nations (Romano, Balliet, Yamagishi, & Liu, 2017).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A cross‐national analysis of sex differences in prisoner's dilemma games

Dorrough

Glöckner

2018

British J Social Psychol

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In a comprehensive cross‐national study involving samples from 12 different countries that were representative for the adult populations in terms of age and sex (N = 2,429), we found that women cooperate significantly less overall than men in fully incentivized one‐shot prisoner's dilemma games. This gender gap in cooperation can be explained by the fact that women hold lower expectations regarding the cooperativeness of their anonymous interaction partners. These results contradict both the common stereotype that women are more communal, caring, emotionally expressive, and warm than men and substantial empirical evidence showing that women act more prosocially in many contexts.

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“…Based on this, it is argued that females are more cooperative, which is in accordance with sexual stereotypes (Deaux and Lewis, 1984). It has been noted that women are aware of such expectations in the face of social dilemmas (Greig and Bohnet, 2009), which creates a form of feedback loop.…”

Section: Gender Differences Regarding Cooperation: Theory and Previoumentioning

confidence: 85%

Gender as a Factor Determining Declarations to Cooperate and Cooperative Behaviour among Polish Students

Markowska-Przybyła¹,

Ramsey²

2018

Economics &Amp; Sociology

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This article considers the relation between gender and cooperation, measured on the basis of the "Public Goods" game and a questionnaire. Previous studies have not been able to give a clear indication of whether males or females pay more into a common pool, i.e. does one sex show a greater tendency to cooperate? This research presents new results in this field, since it was carried in Poland, where no such large-scale studies have been previously carried out. The study involving 1540 Polish students was carried out in 2014. Three experimental games were used, including the standard one-shot "Public Goods" game. The results of the study did not find any significant differences in the mean levels of cooperative behaviour based on behaviour in the "Public Goods" game between males and females, although there were some differences between the distributions. There is no clear association between behaviour in this game and home region or the size of a student's home town. On the other hand, there were some clear differences between males' and females' declarations regarding aspects of cooperation. In addition, females demonstrated greater variation in their attitudes according to the region and the size of a home town.JEL Classification: C70, C71, D91, E22

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Exploring gendered behavior in the field with experiments: Why public goods are provided by women in a Nairobi slum

Cited by 46 publications

References 33 publications

Sex differences in cooperation: A meta-analytic review of social dilemmas.

Sex differences in cooperation: A meta-analytic review of social dilemmas.

A cross‐national analysis of sex differences in prisoner's dilemma games

Gender as a Factor Determining Declarations to Cooperate and Cooperative Behaviour among Polish Students

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