Exploring aflatoxin contamination and household-level exposure risk in diverse Indian food systems

Cheng

et al. 2022

Liver International

136

Primary liver cancer is the sixth most frequently diagnosed cancer and the third most lethal cancer, with an estimation of 906 000 new cases and 830 000 deaths worldwide. 1 The highest incidence rates of primary liver cancer are observed in Asian countries, where primary liver cancer is the fifth most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer mortality. However, great variation is reported within specific geographic regions within Asia.According to GLOBOCAN 2020, Mongolia is reported to have the highest age-standardized rate (ASR) of both incidence and mortality (85.6 and 80.6/100 000), while China still comprises the

Section: Other Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A successful attempt is made in China, where maize is replaced by rice as a staple to reduce the risk of aflatoxin 66 . It is discovered in India that landholding is positively correlated with AFB1 detection and that post‐harvest processing and storage also play important roles 67 …”

Section: Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changing epidemiology of hepatocellular carcinoma in Asia

Cheng

et al. 2022

Liver International

136

“…In addition to the agro-climatic and geospatial risk factors upon which most prediction models are based, there is evidence that farmers' food and crop management behaviours at the household-or farmlevel contribute demonstrably to their exposure risk. An exploratory study of household-level risk factors predicted aflatoxin contamination status with 68% sensitivity and 62% specificity in India, illustrating the important role of behavioural factors in modulating risk levels (Wenndt et al, 2020). Future efforts to develop risk prediction models for SSA might consider synergising the predictive potentials of both agro-climatic and household-level factors in order to achieve greater prediction accuracy and to identify locally meaningful solutions.…”

Section: Proposed Modelling Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

The potential for aflatoxin predictive risk modelling in sub-Saharan Africa: a review

Keller

Russo

Rembold

et al. 2022

WMJ

This review presents the current state of aflatoxin risk prediction models and their potential for value actors throughout the food chain in sub-Saharan Africa, with a specific focus on improving smallholder farmer management practices. Several empirical and mechanistic models have been developed either in academic research or by private sector aggregators and processors in high-income countries including Australia, the USA, and Southern Europe, but these models have been only minimally applied in sub-Saharan Africa, where there is significant potential and increasing need due to climate variability. Predictions can be made based on historic occurrence data using either a mechanistic microbiological framework for aflatoxin accumulation or an empirical model based on statistical correlations with climate conditions and local agronomic factors. Model results can then be distributed to smallholders through private, public, or mobile extension services, used by policymakers for strategy or policy, or utilised by private sector institutions for management decisions. Specific agricultural advice can be given during the three most critical points in the phenological cycle: preseason insight including sowing timing and crop varieties, preharvest advice about management and harvest timing, and postharvest optimal practices including storage, drying, and market information. Model development for sub-Saharan Africa is limited by a dearth of georeferenced aflatoxin occurrence data and real-time high resolution climate data; the wide diversity of farm typologies each with significant information and technology gaps; a prevalence of informal market structures and lack of economic incentives systems; and general lack of awareness around aflatoxins and best management practices to mitigate risk. Given advancements towards solving these challenges, predictive aflatoxin models can be integrated into decision support platforms to focus on optimisation of value for smallholders by minimising yield and nutritional losses, which can propagate value throughout the production and postharvest phases.

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

“…Currently, 400 different forms of mycotoxins have been found in various fungi [2]. Aflatoxin is a type of mycotoxin now causing concern, produced by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus [3] [4]. Many foods, especially those derived from agricultural products, have been shown to contain aflatoxins [5] because Aspergillus fungus is frequently found in soil [6][7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aflatoxin in rice: a publication review

Kristiningrum¹,

Nurcahyo

Susanto³

et al. 2023

Contamination of food products by various types of fungi can pose a severe health threat to humans and livestock. Aflatoxin (AFS) is a toxic and carcinogenic metabolite of the Aspergillus fungus that can occur in rice. Many studies have been conducted on the content of aflatoxins in staple foods, including rice. A literature analysis was performed to get an overview of the development of aflatoxin publication in rice using the Scopus database (Elsevier) between 2010 - 2021. In this article, we describe the focus of trends and characteristics of publications and visualize the growing network. The analysis includes descriptive analysis, keyword network, author collaboration network, and country/regional cooperation analysis. Research on the content of aflatoxins in rice has increased sharply in the last 20 years. The cause of aflatoxins is that fungi can potentially infect food crops, posing a significant health risk to humans and livestock. Aflatoxins are also thought to inhibit growth (growth retardation), resulting in stunting or failure to thrive. The main areas of study for aflatoxins can be separated into four categories: (a) types of aflatoxins; (b) origin and development process of aflatoxins; (c) test methods; and (d) type of product.