Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis Techniques for Examining Urban Crime: Implications for Evaluating Treatment

Murray, Alan T.; McGuffog, Ingrid; Western, John; Mullins, Patrick

doi:10.1093/bjc/41.2.309

Cited by 144 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…'Intelligence led policing' is a much-used contemporary term relating to law enforcement strategy. In practical terms there are recent examples of the utilisation of scientific or forensic data to provide intelligence which directs policing at both the management [I61 and operational levels, such as the use of GIs [17], crime analysis [I81 and offender profiling [19]. A fundamental objective of this project was to further illustrate the potential of forensic science data, in particular data from DNA based cases, to have a positive influence on aspects of law enforcement strategy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ultimately, and perhaps of more use, data could be interrogated at the Police station level or lower. A study from Brisbane, Australia, used spatial analysis techniques to investigate the distribution of crime across suburbs and included spatial features, such as proximity to the CBD, major roads, public transport and Police stations [17]. At all levels, trend depiction was possible, although in some cases, over-complication of maps made interpretation difficult.…”

Section: Match Trendsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The collation of forensic DNA case data into a multi-dimensional intelligence database

et al. 2002

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The primary aim of any DNA Database is to link individuals to unsolved offences and unsolved offences to each other via DNA profiling. This aim has been successfully realised during the operation of the New Zealand (NZ) DNA Databank over the past five years. The DNA Intelligence Project (DIP), a collaborative project involving NZ forensic and law enforcement agencies, interrogated the forensic case data held on the NZ DNA Databank and collated it into a functional intelligence database. This database has been used to identify significant trends which direct Police and forensic personnel towards the most appropriate use of DNA technology. Intelligence is being provided in areas such as the level of usage of DNA techniques in criminal investigations, the relative success of crime scene samples and the geographical distribution of crimes. The DIP has broadened the dimensions of the information offered through the NZ DNA Databank and has furthered the understanding and investigative capability of both Police and forensic scientists. The outcomes of this research fit soundly with the current policies of 'intelligence led policing', which are being adopted by Police iurisdictions locally and overseas. relacionar individuos con delitos no resueltos y delitos no resueltos entre si a travts de 10s perfiles de ADN. Esta finalidad ha sido ampliamente realizada con txito por el banco de datos de ADN de Nueva Zelanda (NZ) durante su trabajo de 10s pasados 5 afios. El proyecto de Inteligencia del ADN (DIP), un proyecto en colaboraci6n con las agencias forense y de policia de NZ, tomaba 10s datos de casos forenses guardados en la base de datos de NZ y 10s relacionaba con las bases de datos funcionales de la policia. Esta base de datos se ha usado para identificar tendencias significativas que dirijan a la policia y personal forense hacia un uso m8s apropiado de la tecnologia del ADN. La informacidn se proporciona en Areas tales como el nivel de uso de las tCcnicas de ADN en investigaciones criminales, el e'xito relativo de las muestras del escenario del crimen y la distribucidn geogrAfica de 10s crimenes. El DIP ha ensanchado las dimensiones de la informacidn ofrecida a travts del banco de datos de ADN de NZ y ha mejorado el entendimiento y capacidad investigadora de la policia y de 10s cientificos forenses. Los resultados de esta investigaci6n encajan perfectamente con las politicas actuales de "politicas de inteligencia guiada" que estAn siendo adoptadas por las jurisdicciones de policia tanto locales como internacionales. O The Forensic Science Society 2002

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Match Trendsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The collation of forensic DNA case data into a multi-dimensional intelligence database

et al. 2002

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“…El AEDE también ha estado presente en los análisis regionales que tratan sobre los patrones de distribución espacial de la actividad económica; así por ejemplo, se pueden observar investigaciones que tratan el empleo, la productividad, los ingresos, el producto interno bruto y otros indicadores económicos que se aglomeran en determinados espacios, y que pueden reflejar ciertas disparidades regionales (Case, 1991 En cuanto a los homicidios y otro tipo de incidentes que ocurren en un espacio geográfico en general, el AEDE también ha sido de utilidad para la detección de concentraciones espaciales significativas de esos fenómenos; existen investigaciones que dan cuenta de las concentraciones de algún tipo de violencia, tanto en el ámbito urbano como en el regional (Messner et al, 1999;Cohen y Tita, 1999;Murray, McGuffog, Western & Mullins, 2001). Sin embargo, varias de estas investigaciones se han realizado en contextos muy diferentes al latinoamericano, donde las condiciones económicas son menos favorables que en los países desarrollados; igualmente, existen condiciones de marcada desigualdad en muchos indicadores de bienestar y las expresiones de violencia son más intensas que en los países altamente industrializados.…”

Section: Análisis Exploratorio De Datos Espacialesunclassified

Patrones de distribución espacio- temporal de los homicidios de mujeres en México en 1990, 2000 y 2010

Gasca¹,

Flores²

2017

soc.eco

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Esta investigación constituye un análisis exploratorio de datos espaciales de los homicidiosde mujeres en México a escala municipal. Se realiza un análisis espacio-temporalpara los años 1990, 2000 y 2010, con el fin de determinar cambios en los patrones de distribuciónde los homicidios en mujeres. Con la aplicación de técnicas de estadística espacialy espacio-temporales, se determinó que este fenómeno no se encuentra distribuidoaleatoriamente, sino que tiende a concentrarse en determinados espacios. Asimismo, losresultados indican que existe una difusión espacial dirigida hacia el norte del país en el2010, mientras que en los años 1990 y 2000 había una incidencia mayor en el sur.

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“…1995;Weisburd, McEwen, 1997). The capabilities of these quantitative methods continue to evolve and allow for better evaluation of crime at the micro level (Anselin, 1998;Messner et al ., 1999;Murray et al ., 2001). Considerable attention has been paid to the hot spot concept -either the idea that crime may cluster in relatively small areas, more or less permanently, or ephemerally (Sherman, 1995;Block andBlock, 1995, Buerger et al ., 1995;Gorr and Olligschlaeger, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nusikaltimų erdvinės struktūros Klaipėdoje ir jų vertinimas socialiniu geografiniu požiūriu

SPIRIAJEVAS¹,

BETEIKA²

2015

CrimLithuan

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Abstract. This article explores spatial patterns of crimes, their dynamics in structure, time and space since 1990 until 2010 in Klaipėda, Lithuania. A period of research involves the changes during the post-soviet time. The research is combined of two sets of data. One set combined by social geographic indicators (changes of population, unemployment, crimes and their structure, and social geographic features as density of crimes, distribution of spatial patterns of crimes). Another set of data combined by geo-information of main categories of crimes (thefts, robberies, criminal damages, hooliganism, extortions, grievous and intending bodily harms, producing and selling of narcotics and homemade alcohol, sexual assaults). The Kernel method was used as a key measure to estimate the changes of spatial patterns of crimes with their geographic shapes, scopes and density. The data was processed with Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and elaborated in cartographic representations. The research determined that a majority of criminal activities are mostly located along the main streets and around shopping centres. The distribution of criminal activities is explained by the concepts of opportunity theory and daily routine theory. Despite the changes of crime rates and unemployment, segregation of society and shrinking of urban population in Klaipėda city, the spatial patterns of crimes over the two decades were distributed more extensively but with lower density.

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Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis Techniques for Examining Urban Crime: Implications for Evaluating Treatment

Cited by 144 publications

References 18 publications

The collation of forensic DNA case data into a multi-dimensional intelligence database

The collation of forensic DNA case data into a multi-dimensional intelligence database

Patrones de distribución espacio- temporal de los homicidios de mujeres en México en 1990, 2000 y 2010

Nusikaltimų erdvinės struktūros Klaipėdoje ir jų vertinimas socialiniu geografiniu požiūriu

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