Background: Treatment of HR-NB comprise induction, consolidation with autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) followed by anti-GD2 immunotherapy and isotretinoin. Childrens Oncology Group and SIOPEN studies used dinutuximab and cytokines to treat patients in complete remission or refractory Bone/Bone marrow (B/BM) disease after ASCT. Methods: HR-NB patients referred to Hospital Sant Joan de Déu for anti-GD2 immunotherapy were eligible for two consecutive studies (dinutuximab for EudraCT 2013–004864–69 and naxitamab for 017–001829–40) and naxitamab/Sargramostim CU with or without prior ASCT. Patients enrolled in first complete remission or with primary refractory B/BM disease. We accrued a study population of two groups whose therapy, aside from ASCT, was similar. This is a retrospective analysis of their outcome calculated from study entry. Results: From December 2014–2019, 67 patients were treated with dinutuximab and cytokines (n = 21) in the Hospital Sant Joan de Déu-HRNB-Ch14.18 study or with naxitamab and Sargramostim either in the Ymabs study 201 (n = 12) or CU (n = 34). 23 patients were treated with primary refractory disease in the B/BM (11 with dinutuximab and 12 with naxitamab), and 44 in first CR (10 with dinutuximab and 34 with naxitamab). Study patients included 13 (19.4%) treated following single ASCT and 54 following conventional chemotherapy. Median follow-up for all patients is 16.2 months. Two-year rates for ASCT and non-ASCT patients were, respectively, EFS 64.1% vs. 54.2% ( p = 0.28), and OS 66.7% vs. 84.1% ( p = 0.81). For the 44 pts in first CR, 2-years rates for ASCT and non-ASCT patients were, respectively, EFS 65.5% vs. 58.7% ( p = 0.48), and OS 71.4% vs. 85.4% ( p = 0.63). Conclusions: In this retrospective, single center study, ASCT did not provide survival benefit when anti-GD2 immunotherapy was used after induction chemotherapy.

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We present the first evidence on the role of occupational choices and acquired skills for migrant selection. Combining novel data from a representative Mexican task survey with rich individual-level worker data, we find that Mexican migrants to the United States have higher manual skills and lower cognitive skills than non-migrants. Results hold within narrowly defined region-industry-occupation cells and for all education levels. Consistent with a Roy/Borjas-type selection model, differential returns to occupational skills between the United States and Mexico explain the selection pattern. Occupational skills are more important to capture the economic motives for migration than previously used worker characteristics.

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Esta investigación constituye un análisis exploratorio de datos espaciales de los homicidiosde mujeres en México a escala municipal. Se realiza un análisis espacio-temporalpara los años 1990, 2000 y 2010, con el fin de determinar cambios en los patrones de distribuciónde los homicidios en mujeres. Con la aplicación de técnicas de estadística espacialy espacio-temporales, se determinó que este fenómeno no se encuentra distribuidoaleatoriamente, sino que tiende a concentrarse en determinados espacios. Asimismo, losresultados indican que existe una difusión espacial dirigida hacia el norte del país en el2010, mientras que en los años 1990 y 2000 había una incidencia mayor en el sur.

There is a great deal of concern over the scattered, fragmented expansion of cities, particularly in developing countries. This expansion accelerates the peri-urbanization processes expressed in a range of land uses, often with a concentration of the poor in peripheries with an acute shortage of services coupled with profound land-use changes, with far-reaching environmental impacts. The urban periphery is a transition zone, where the urban gradually merges into the rural landscape. It has become heterogeneous from a social, environmental, commercial, and service point of view, reproducing a model of metropolitan inequity with marked socioeconomic inequalities between the center and the periphery. The way these territories are managed is quite far from the road to sustainability. This article seeks to provide an updated analysis of the dynamics of urban expansion and land-use changes on the southern periphery of Mexico City (CDMX) in the Conservation Area (CA), to determine the extent to which a socially segregated, environmentally unsustainable model of urban fragmentation has been reinforced. It also discusses the regulatory, normative framework established in the CA, finding that it has been deficient and implemented in piecemeal fashion. It concludes that local government has failed to provide solutions to reconcile the protection of ecological conservation areas with the needs of the poor in a peri-urban area, thereby reproducing social inequalities in the city. In addition, CDMX land use policy has been ineffective in controlling the expansion of informal human settlements in peri-urban areas with high ecological value.

The purpose of this article is to provide new empirical evidence linking migration of Mexican households to the USA with infant health outcomes. By using new data for Mexico, the Encuesta Nacional de la Dinamica Demografica 2006, this research focuses on the effect of migration on birth weight. Multivariate logistic regression methods are used to model low birth weight (LBW) as a function of a set of proximate, intermediate and socioeconomic determinants. In analyzing the channels through which migration affects birth outcomes, the findings provide no conclusive evidence for remittances as the only mechanism associated with lowering the odds of LBW. Given the limitations of the data, the study results showed new empirical evidence explaining the significance of both financial and social remittances associated with international migration and infant health outcomes in Mexico.

Coupled with the advantages afforded by the model plant Arabidopsis, virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) offers a rapid means to assess gene function. The geminivirus vector based on Cabbage leaf curl virus described here has the benefits of small insert size and persistent silencing of the target gene through the life cycle of the plant. Here, we show that genetic variation in the vast collection of Arabidopsis accessions can be leveraged to ameliorate viral symptomology that accompanies the VIGS procedure. The plasticity of phenotypes under different day lengths or temperature conditions can be exploited to achieve maximum silencing efficacy in either vegetative or inflorescence tissue, according to the question being asked. Protocols and vectors for Agro-infiltration of primary leaves, subapical pricking in older plants, and microprojectile bombardment are described.