“…Generally, presenteeism research focuses on the health problems behind the inability to function of employees in the workplace (Evans, 2004;Johansson & Lundberg, 2004;Turpin et al, 2004). Much of the research focuses on physical health problems such as allergies, diabetes, arthritis, asthma, heart disease, hypertension, migraine/headache, fatigue, respiratory infections, and neck and back pain (Aronsson et al, 2000;Bae, 2021;Baker-McClearn et al, 2010;Caverley et al, 2007;Dudenhöffer et al, 2017;Gwinnutt et al, 2020;Hiles et al, 2018;Kinman & Wray, 2018), relatively ignoring the other health problems of individuals. However, the World Health Organisation (WHO) defines health as the absence of symptoms of physical illness and a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being (Ni et al, 2020).…”