Exploratory analysis of diffusion tensor imaging in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: evidence of abnormal white matter structure

Pastura, Giuseppe; Doering, Thomas; Gasparetto, Emerson L.; Mattos, Paulo; Araújo, Alexandra Prüfer de Queiroz Campos

doi:10.1007/s12402-015-0185-y

Cited by 18 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Notably, a decreased thickness of the external capsule, a reduced periventricular myelin basic protein staining, oligodendrocyte maturation impairments, and a reduced density of microglial cells were detected in the periventricular white matter of GBS‐exposed females (Bergeron et al, 2013). In line with these histological observations, some of the main brain networks involved in attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are those connecting anterior and posterior attentional systems – such as the right superior longitudinal fasciculus and the inferior fronto‐occipital fasciculus – passing through the external capsule and other periventricular white matter areas (Pastura et al, 2016). Young adult female rats in utero ‐exposed to GBS‐induced inflammation displayed a hyper‐social behavior during late puberty, as opposed to GBS‐exposed males, which were hypo‐social compared to same‐sex controls (CTLs) (Bergeron et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Hyperactive behavior in female rats in utero‐exposed to group B Streptococcus‐induced inflammation

Allard

Brochu

Bergeron

et al. 2018

Intl J of Devlp Neuroscience

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Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is one the most common bacterium responsible of maternal infections during pregnancy. Offspring in utero-exposed to GBS-induced placental inflammation displayed sex-specific forebrain injuries. Sex differences have been reported in several neuropsychiatric disorders. Hence, we hypothesized that female rats in utero-exposed to GBS may present sex-specific neurobehavioral impairments. Lewis rats were injected intraperitoneally every 12 h from gestational day (G) 19 to G22 with either saline (controls) or inactivated serotype Ia GBS (10 CFU). Before puberty, no difference in terms of spontaneous motor activity, exploratory or anxiety-related behaviors was noticed between experimental conditions. During puberty, GBS-exposed females - but not males - performed worse than same-sex controls in a forced motor task. During adulthood, GBS-exposed females - but not males - displayed increased spontaneous locomotor activity and decreased inhibition. In conclusion, our findings show for the first time that adult females - but not males - in utero-exposed to GBS-induced inflammation presented a hyperactive and disinhibited phenotype emerging after puberty.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Hyperactive behavior in female rats in utero‐exposed to group B Streptococcus‐induced inflammation

Allard

Brochu

Bergeron

et al. 2018

Intl J of Devlp Neuroscience

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“…Decreased skew of fractional anisotropic distribution was found in the left cerebellar peduncle, a fiber bundle connecting the sensory and motor areas of the cortex with the pons and cerebellum. ADHD-I and ADHD-C also had differences in the skew of fractional anisotropic distribution in the left external capsule, which connects anterior and posterior attentional systems (47). Fractional anisotropy measurements in white matter have a very broad distribution with considerable skew and kurtosis (48), and the change in skew may reflect alterations of tissue organization.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Psychoradiologic Utility of MR Imaging for Diagnosis of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Radiomics Analysis

Sun¹,

Chen²,

Huang³

et al. 2018

Radiology

126

121

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Purpose To identify cerebral radiomic features related to diagnosis and subtyping of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and to build and evaluate classification models for ADHD diagnosis and subtyping on the basis of the identified features. Materials and Methods A consecutive cohort of 83 age- and sex-matched children with newly diagnosed and never-treated ADHD (mean age 10.83 years ± 2.30; range, 7-14 years; 71 boys, 40 with ADHD-inattentive [ADHD-I] and 43 with ADHD-combined [ADHD-C, or inattentive and hyperactive]) and 87 healthy control subjects (mean age, 11.21 years ± 2.51; range, 7-15 years; 72 boys) underwent anatomic and diffusion-tensor magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Features representing the shape properties of gray matter and diffusion properties of white matter were extracted for each participant. The initial feature set was input into an all-relevant feature selection procedure within cross-validation loops to identify features with significant discriminative power for diagnosis and subtyping. Random forest classifiers were constructed and evaluated on the basis of identified features. Results No overall difference was found between children with ADHD and control subjects in total brain volume (1069830.00 mm ± 90743.36 vs 1079 213.00 mm ± 92742.25, respectively; P = .51) or total gray and white matter volume (611978.10 mm ± 51622.81 vs 616960.20 mm ± 51872.93, respectively; P = .53; 413532.00 mm ± 41 114.33 vs 418173.60 mm ± 42395.48, respectively; P = .47). The mean classification accuracy achieved with classifiers to discriminate patients with ADHD from control subjects was 73.7%. Alteration in cortical shape in the left temporal lobe, bilateral cuneus, and regions around the left central sulcus contributed significantly to group discrimination. The mean classification accuracy with classifiers to discriminate ADHD-I from ADHD-C was 80.1%, with significant discriminating features located in the default mode network and insular cortex. Conclusion The results of this study provide preliminary evidence that cerebral morphometric alterations can allow discrimination between patients with ADHD and control subjects and also between the most common ADHD subtypes. By identifying features relevant for diagnosis and subtyping, these findings may advance the understanding of neurodevelopmental alterations related to ADHD. RSNA, 2017 Online supplemental material is available for this article.

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“…Reductions in gray matter volume are frequent and most consistently found in prefrontal regions, basal ganglia, and cerebellum (Frodl & Skokauskas, 2012; Konrad et al, 2018). ADHD-related reductions in structural brain connections were observed in cortico-striato-thalamico-cortical loops (Cortese et al, 2013; Konrad et al, 2010), corpus callosum (Pastura et al, 2016; Van Ewijk et al, 2014), and the cerebellar peduncles (Ashtari et al, 2005; Nagel et al, 2011). Functional neuroimaging (see Cortese et al, 2012; McCarthy et al, 2014; and Norman et al, 2016, for meta-analyses) additionally indicates altered patterns of neural activation during different cognitive tasks, most prominently reduced activation in task-positive regions (executive control network, ventral attention/salience network, striatum; Seeley et al, 2007) and lower levels of task-related deactivation in task-negative regions (default-mode network; Raichle et al, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ADHD symptoms are associated with the modular structure of intrinsic brain networks in a representative sample of healthy adults

Hilger

Fiebach

2019

Network Neuroscience

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Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders with significant and often lifelong effects on social, emotional, and cognitive functioning. Influential neurocognitive models of ADHD link behavioral symptoms to altered connections between and within functional brain networks. Here, we investigate whether network-based theories of ADHD can be generalized to understanding variations in ADHD-related behaviors within the normal (i.e., clinically unaffected) adult population. In a large and representative sample, self-rated presence of ADHD symptoms varied widely; only 8 out of 291 participants scored in the clinical range. Subject-specific brain network graphs were modeled from functional MRI resting-state data and revealed significant associations between (nonclinical) ADHD symptoms and region-specific profiles of between-module and within-module connectivity. Effects were located in brain regions associated with multiple neuronal systems including the default-mode network, the salience network, and the central executive system. Our results are consistent with network perspectives of ADHD and provide further evidence for the relevance of an appropriate information transfer between task-negative (default-mode) and task-positive brain regions. More generally, our findings support a dimensional conceptualization of ADHD and contribute to a growing understanding of cognition as an emerging property of functional brain networks.

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Exploratory analysis of diffusion tensor imaging in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: evidence of abnormal white matter structure

Cited by 18 publications

References 57 publications

Hyperactive behavior in female rats in utero‐exposed to group B Streptococcus‐induced inflammation

Hyperactive behavior in female rats in utero‐exposed to group B Streptococcus‐induced inflammation

Psychoradiologic Utility of MR Imaging for Diagnosis of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Radiomics Analysis

ADHD symptoms are associated with the modular structure of intrinsic brain networks in a representative sample of healthy adults

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