Explaining Resource Nationalism

Abstract

This article attempts to dissect the term resource nationalism (hereafter RN). It looks first at the origins of the term. Second, it examines various definitions of RN: in the business press where a zero sum conception of state and corporate interest is generally assumed, related definitions in academic writings that hinge on the relative control of resources by government and company, explanations that subsume the phenomenon within economic nationalism, accounts that stress how it restricts outputs and, finally, recent discussions that question prevailing understandings of RN and emphasise instead the diversity of its contemporary forms. The article then considers drivers of RN: the capture of economic rents, the corollary of the influence of market prices on this objective, obsolescing bargaining, the pressures of natural scarcity and the role of national identity. Fourth, the global context, commercial and legal, in which RN operates. Finally, the article considers the fluctuations in RN in recent years.

Barriers for Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) to Pave Road to Supranationalism

“…It has a long history that started in the mid-twentieth century. To this day, resource nationalism is a common and widespread state's policy related to energy supply (Pryke, 2017). On its highest level, nationalism resources can influence countries to adopt various approaches that may increase their access to natural resources in other countries (Ward, 2009).…”

The Ecuadorian Oil Era

“…Along with the youngest commodities boom, academic debates on resource nationalism, i.e. the state-led efforts to increase national control over natural endowments and to enhance state's influence over the primary sector of the economy at the expense of foreign participation, mushroomed (Arbatli 2018, 101;Pryke 2017;Haslam and Heidrich 2016;Childs 2016;Wilson 2015). Resource nationalism is rationalized by the idea that the enforcement of market-led strategies might not lead the state to fully benefit from the richness of its national (sub)soil.…”

“…Russia and Chad rounded up the nationalizations occurred in 2006 worldwide. The five countries thereby interrupted the trend of lack of expropriation acts during the period 1986-2005 and gave rise to renewed academic debates on resource nationalism (Arbatli 2018, 101;Pryke 2017;Haslam and Heidrich 2016;Wilson 2015). Though, Manzano and Monadi (2010, 452) argued that during oil booms, contract renegotiation is commonsense and might take many forms independently of the "ideological content of the government […], as in fact it happened in many other countries, with different ideologies, around the world".…”

Nacionalismo de los recursos y desarrollo sostenible en los países andinos.

“…El nacionalismo de los recursos es un término que nació a inicios de la década de 1970 (Pryke, 2017), durante el segundo ciclo de privatización-nacionalización de la gobernanza de los recursos naturales (Haslam & Heidrich, 2016). La noción de ciclo aplicada a la gobernanza de los recursos naturales tiene una base macroeconómica ligada a la evolución de los precios de los mismos y otra microeconómica centrada en la teoría de la negociación obsoleta.…”