Experimentally Produced Red Softening of the Brain*

Fazio, C; Sacchi, U.

doi:10.1093/jnen/13.3.476

Cited by 20 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Goldfarb and Bahuson (1963), using mongrel dogs, showed various degrees of cardiac damages due to small amounts of air introduced directly into the coronary arteries. Similarly, cerebral air embolism may produce permanent gross neurologic defects in the survivors (Fazio and Sacchi, 1954).…”

Section: Types Of Air Embolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survey of literature related to the problems of gas embolism in human body

Chan¹,

Yang²

1969

Journal of Biomechanics

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This survey is concerned with academic and clinical researches related to the problems of gas embolism in the human body which have commonly been regarded as a dreaded complication of a variety of surgical, therapeutic and diagnostic technics. The gas emboli may be found in the human body through surgery, decompression, transfusion of oxygenerated blood, and anesthesia, etc. The survey indicates that the cases so far investigated can be classified into those in the cardiovascular, muscalar, respiratory, and reproductive systems and other parts of the human body. Most of the existing literature deals with detection, identification, prevention and treatment procedures. No apparent effort has been made on the study of their dynamic behavior in the blood, interstitial fluids and organs where they are formed. An attempt is made to prompt further research in the field of embolus dynamics by describing what needs to be investigated.

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Section: Types Of Air Embolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survey of literature related to the problems of gas embolism in human body

Chan¹,

Yang²

1969

Journal of Biomechanics

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“…Fazio and Sacchi (7) reported that they succeeded in producing a bleeding infarct as a result of administering epinephrine thirty minutes after an air embolism was carried out. Whisnant and his coworkers (2) succeeded in making infarct by injecting vinyle acetate into an artery in the neck.…”

Section: C) Glucose Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Hemodynamic Studies in Experimental Cerebral Embolism

Kanda

1960

Keio j. med

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“…The changes were less when cerebral vasodilatation was induced. Extensive red softening of the brain, increasing in extent after the use of adrenaline, occurred after an interval due to increased permeability of the vessels, diapedesis, and oedema (Fazio and Sacchi, 1954).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Arterial air embolism

Nicks

1967

Thorax

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The incidence and the outcome of systemic air embolism in 340 consecutive patients who underwent cardiac surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass in this unit for congenital defects of the cardiac septa and diseases involving the aortic and mitral valves have been studied. This was thought to have occurred in 40 patients, of whom 10 died. The distribution of air embolism according to the types of operation undertaken was as follows: six of 127 for atrial septal defect; six of 36 for ventricular septal defect; seven of 42 for mitral valve replacement; seven of 47 for aortic valve debridement; and 14 of 55 for aortic valve replacement. The cause was considered to have been systolic ejection of air into the aorta which, following cardiotomv. had been trapped in the pulmonary veins, the left atrium, the ventricular trabeculae, and the aortic root. Since the adoption of a more rigid 'debubbling' routine, air embolism has not occurred. The incidence of pulmonary complications occurring in these patients after bypass was studied. Unilateral atelectasis, which occurred in five patients, resulted from retained bronchial secretions in all and was cured by bronchoscopic aspiration in all. The cause of bilateral atelectases, occurring in nine patients and fatal in eight of these, appeared to be related to cardiopulmonary factors and not to air embolism. Acute air injection made into the pulmonary artery of a dog resulted in pulmonary hypertension and a grossly deficient pulmonary circulation, but changes were largely resolved within a week. In view of this, it is considered that pulmonary air embolism may temporarily embarrass the right heart after the repair of a ventricular septal defect in a patient with an elevated pulmonary vascular resistance and diminished pulmonary vascular bed.An appraisal of the part played by arterial air embolism in complications following open-heart surgery and of safeguards for preventing this has been attempted. HISTORICAL SYNOPSIS Brandes (1912) showed by means of radiography and by histological sections that the sudden death of his patient during the injection of bismuth paste into an empyema cavity was due to the paste passing into the pulmonary veins and the heart, from which it was pumped into the coronary and cerebral arteries.In a scholarly review, Schlaepfer (1922) discussed factors influencing the distribution of air to the cerebral arteries (readily recognized from the spider-web pattern visible in the retina) and to the coronary arteries (indicated by ischaemic changes on the electrocardiogram). He observed that air injected into the pulmonary veins remained in the atrial appendix when the animal was placed in the Trendelenburg position, but that it passed into the ventricle and was ejected into the right coronary artery and into the cerebral arteries on raising the body to the supine position. He recommended that pneumothorax be induced in the recumbent position and that the trunk be depressed immediately should embolism occur. He showed that air in the pulmonary artery did not tra...

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Experimentally Produced Red Softening of the Brain*

Cited by 20 publications

References 0 publications

Survey of literature related to the problems of gas embolism in human body

Survey of literature related to the problems of gas embolism in human body

The Hemodynamic Studies in Experimental Cerebral Embolism

Arterial air embolism

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