Survey of literature related to the problems of gas embolism in human body

Chan, Ksk; Yang, Wen‐Jei

doi:10.1016/0021-9290(69)90086-4

Cited by 20 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 131 publications

(96 reference statements)

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“…It is generally assumed that a vitrified glassy specimen will remain clear and transparent throughout the cooling and warming protocol unless the transparency is disturbed by a physical event such as ice crystal nucleation, formation of gas emboli [6,36], or solute precipitation. For example, Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new cryomacroscope device (Type III) for visualization of physical events in cryopreservation with applications to vitrification and synthetic ice modulators

et al. 2013

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The objective of the current study is to develop a new cryomacroscope prototype for the study of vitrification in large-size specimens. The unique contribution in the current study is in developing a cryomacroscope setup as an add-on device to a commercial controlled-rate cooler and in demonstration of physical events in cryoprotective cocktails containing synthetic ice modulators (SIM)—compounds which hinder ice crystal growth. Cryopreservation by vitrification is a highly complex application, where the likelihood of crystallization, fracture formation, degradation of the biomaterial quality, and other physical events are dependent not only upon the instantaneous cryogenic conditions, but more significantly upon the evolution of conditions along the cryogenic protocol. Nevertheless, cryopreservation success is most frequently assessed by evaluating the cryopreserved product at its end states—either at the cryogenic storage temperature or room temperature. The cryomacroscope is the only available device for visualization of large-size specimens along the thermal protocol, in an effort to correlate the quality of the cryopreserved product with physical events. Compared with earlier cryomacroscope prototypes, the new Cryomacroscope-III evaluated here benefits from a higher resolution color camera, improved illumination, digital recording capabilities, and high repeatability in tested thermal conditions via a commercial controlled-rate cooler. A specialized software package was developed in the current study, having two modes of operation: (a) experimentation mode to control the operation of the camera, record camera frames sequentially, log thermal data from sensors, and save case-specific information; and (b) post-processing mode to generate a compact file integrating images, elapsed time, and thermal data for each experiment. The benefits of the Cryomacroscope-III are demonstrated using various tested mixtures of SIMs with the cryoprotective cocktail DP6, which were found effective in preventing ice growth, even at significantly subcritical cooling rates with reference to the pure DP6.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new cryomacroscope device (Type III) for visualization of physical events in cryopreservation with applications to vitrification and synthetic ice modulators

et al. 2013

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“…2 Gas embolus formed in venous system is product of such SS and is most important object, studied by host of workers. 3 SS is called by variety of names, including cautery smoke, plume, diathermy plume, smoke plume, aerosols, bio-aerosols, or just vapour. It is visible with odious odour.…”

Section: Surgical Smoke Vis a Vis Nature Of Venous Embolusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Threshing grain of mechanism from chaffy myth of air embolism in laparoscopy - lux et veritas

Kumar

Sudrania

2018

Int Surg J

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Biomechanical processes involving exact mechanism of air embolism (AE) or gas embolism (GE) in pneumoperitoneum (PP) in operative laparoscopy (OL) causing morbidity and mortality lie in air lock (AL) or gas lock (GL) in right side of heart resulting in traffic jam (TJ) for blood flow in pulmonary tree (PT). This also leads to poorly understood cascade of immunopathological pulmonary reactions. These issues are critically reviewed and discussed to thresh the grain of mechanism from husk of myth of ghost of AE or GE in OL for its dreaded moribund complications. Physics of gas is defined with analysis that venous GE is not exclusive to ambient air (AA) in OL but occurs with CO2, N2O, O2 and other gases also. It is important since use of AA in OL is useful or ostensibly better than CO2 in situations like pregnancy, camps, cardiopulmonary cripples, cirrhotics, war fields, etc and economic needing no cylinders as AA is ubiquitous. Even when gas used was or is CO2 or O2 but blemish is labelled on air for embolism imprudently needing scientific scrutiny.

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“…12 Apparently, they make no distinction between air and gas. They went on detailing host of procedures and pointed out scientific apathy to inspire research, "No apparent effort has been made on the study of their dynamic behaviour…" yet apathy persists for about five decades.…”

Section: Beginning Of Defamation Of Air In Laparoscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…11 Empirical use of air tamponade in abdomen and chest caused deaths from AE paving way for fear of air. [12][13][14] Reports of death also appeared in open surgery, e.g., faciocranial, neurosurgical operations and dental surgery for AE especially in sitting position; compounding fears further.…”

Section: Beginning Of Defamation Of Air In Laparoscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Incidental historiographic faux pas of venous air embolism in laparoscopy, reviewed critically: humanum est errare

Kumar

Sudrania

2018

Int Surg J

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Historiographic antecedents about ambient air (AA) for embolism in operative laparoscopy (OL) are critically reviewed to decipher its representation; for its immense clinical and economic implications. Rumours of air embolism (AE) in beginning of twentieth century were based on rampant use of air tamponade in abdomen and chest for tuberculosis in absence of definitive treatment. News of AE in head, neck, dental and other open surgeries also compounded negative image of air for embolism. Resultant antiair heresy continued in medical press globally bereft of actual knowledge of etiopathophysiology of AE or gas embolism and biomechanics of pneumoperitoneum (PP). This incidental blemish was extended to OL also with divergent etiopathophysiology even when gas used was or is other than air, e.g., CO2, N2O, or O2, etc in PP and none of them are similar to each other in physical or chemical characters.

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Survey of literature related to the problems of gas embolism in human body

Cited by 20 publications

References 131 publications

A new cryomacroscope device (Type III) for visualization of physical events in cryopreservation with applications to vitrification and synthetic ice modulators

A new cryomacroscope device (Type III) for visualization of physical events in cryopreservation with applications to vitrification and synthetic ice modulators

Threshing grain of mechanism from chaffy myth of air embolism in laparoscopy - lux et veritas

Incidental historiographic faux pas of venous air embolism in laparoscopy, reviewed critically: humanum est errare

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