Experimental Study on the Aging of Sands

Baxter, Christopher; Mitchell, James K.

doi:10.1061/(asce)1090-0241(2004)130:10(1051)

Cited by 90 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Lastly the influence of wear surface state of glass beads was also investigated: The "new beads" have not suffered any treatment, in opposition to the "worn beads" which had already gone through 200 loading cycles or "very worn beads" that endured 2000 cycles. We used spherical beads made of chemically inert glass; therefore we exclude chemical bonds between particles [19] or grains angularity [20] as the origin of the aging. We study the relative variation x = [x(t) − x 0 ]/x 0 of variable x after the time t, compared to the initial value x 0 at the beginning of the creep or relaxation stage; x is either creep strain ε zz or relaxed stress σ zz .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of grain contacts in a granular sample under creep and stress relaxation

Miksic

Alava

2013

Phys. Rev. E

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This article deals with the characterization, using an acoustic technique, of the mechanical behavior of a dry dense granular medium under quasistatic loading. Ultrasound propagation through the contact-force network supporting the external load offers a noninvasive probe of the viscoelastic properties of such heterogeneous media. First the response of a glass bead packing is studied in an oedometric configuration during creep and relaxation tests. Quasilogarithmic increases of sound velocities are found in both mechanical tests. A model based on the mechanics of microcontacts between rough grains adequately reproduces our experimental results, especially for the evolution of elastic modulus. Another main experimental finding is that collective grain rearrangements within the packing also play a crucial role at the early stage of creep and relaxation.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of grain contacts in a granular sample under creep and stress relaxation

Miksic

Alava

2013

Phys. Rev. E

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“…In line with this, Matsuo (2004) stated that aged alluvial sand is systematically more resistant to liquefaction than recently deposited manmade islands, even if normalised N 1 values are identical. Although Skempton (1986) suggested the increase of SPT-N over 100 years, Mesri et al (1990), Baxter & Mitchell (2004), Mitchell & Solymer (1984) and Massarsch & Fellenius (2002) stated that the increase of SPT-N or CPT (cone penetration test) resistance is completed within 1 year after land construction or significant compaction. This short-term increase of SPT-N value implies that the ageing of SPT-N cannot account for the observed improvement in liquefaction resistance that occurs over a timescale of hundreds or thousands of years.…”

Section: Previous Studies On Ageing Of Soilmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquefaction perspective of soil ageing

Towhata

Taguchi²,

Hayashida³

et al. 2017

Géotechnique

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Subsoil liquefaction during strong earthquakes is one of the major seismic threats to the human community. Over the past few decades various methodologies have been proposed to assess liquefaction vulnerability; however, recent seismic events in Japan have revealed that current assessment methods are over conservative, which results in unnecessarily higher costs in mitigation measures. To overcome this situation, this study reinterprets the dynamic behaviour of sandy subsoils subject to recent and historical ground motions from Japanese seismic events and is able to demonstrate that aged soils have a higher liquefaction resistance than suggested by current design codes. Laboratory tests were also devised and conducted to study the mechanism of soil ageing at the particle scale level. Grain dislocations were observed to take place over time while boundary stress conditions maintained constant. These dislocations erased big voids, promoted a more stable granular structure and have the potential to give rise to greater liquefaction resistance.

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“…Because the present paper addresses the high vulnerability of liquefaction in very recent subsoil having the age of only decades or one hundred years, the engineering ageing is the topic to be discussed. Noteworthy is that SPT blow counts and other sounding resistance increase as well with time and, more interestingly, Baxter and Mitchell (2004) as well as Mitchell and Solymer (1984) and Massarsch and Fellenius (2002) reported that the increase occurs in a time scale of weeks or months only. In line with this, Fig.…”

Section: On Soil Ageingmentioning

confidence: 99%

On ageing of liquefaction resistance of sand

Towhata

Goto

Taguchi

et al. 2016

JGS Special Publication

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Mechanical properties of subsoil are frequently subject to temporal change and liquefaction resistance is not an exception. The experiences during the 2011 gigantic earthquake in Japan illustrated that more aged soils did not develop liquefaction. Since this effect of soil age is not explicitly accounted for by existing codes, the authors attempted to interpret cases where subsoil of known age liquefied or not liquefied during past earthquakes. It was found that liquefaction resistance increases after hundreds of years and that the increase of 40% is reasonably supposed to occur after 400 years. Further study was conducted on the mechanism of ageing in which grain dislocation was focused on.

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Experimental Study on the Aging of Sands

Cited by 90 publications

References 23 publications

Evolution of grain contacts in a granular sample under creep and stress relaxation

Evolution of grain contacts in a granular sample under creep and stress relaxation

Liquefaction perspective of soil ageing

On ageing of liquefaction resistance of sand

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