Experimental study of digital microfluidic biochip

Combining sensors and actuators with electrowetting-on-dielectric (EWOD): advanced digital microfluidic systems for biomedical applications

“…Reproduced with permission from ref. 12. including cell culture, 87 polymerase chain reaction (PCR), 35,36,44,[88][89][90][91][92][93][94] isothermal amplification, 14,33,[95][96][97][98][99] and immunoassays. 100 Temperature control units are typically composed of microheaters/coolers, thermal sensors, and microcontrollers to form a close-looped control.…”

“…100 Temperature control units are typically composed of microheaters/coolers, thermal sensors, and microcontrollers to form a close-looped control. Distinct strategies are adopted for integrating temperature control capability on the EWOD platform, namely, (1) placing heaters and sensors externally in the chip holding structures (system integration), 33,88,[97][98][99][100][101][102][103][104][105][106] (2) fabricating heaters and/or sensors on EWOD substrates (chip-scale integration), 57,89,[92][93][94]96,[107][108][109] and (3) using EWOD electrodes for multifunctional heating/sensing. 14,[110][111][112][113][114] For strategy (1), Shen et al 100 patterned a resistive microheater on a separate substrate (on the right) stacked and aligned with the EWOD bottom plate (on the left) (Fig.…”

“…Hence, temperature control abilities are essential for DMF systems in integrated biomedical applications. So far, numerous temperature-sensitive purposes performed on EWOD platforms are present, including cell culture, 87 polymerase chain reaction (PCR), 35,36,44,88–94 isothermal amplification, 14,33,95–99 and immunoassays. 100…”