Experimental study and modeling of pseudo-resistor's non-linearity

Pereira, Christiane Mendes Drozdek; Galeti, Milene; Lucchi, Júlio César; Giacomini, Renato

doi:10.1109/sbmicro.2017.8112999

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The pseudo-resistor introduced by Delbruck and Mead [7] has been widely used as a solution for designs that need very large time constants and reduced active die areas as low pass filters, AC coupling circuits, common mode feedback loops, applications of audio microelectromechanical systems, ultrasonic transducers [8], and bioelectric signal acquisition systems [9][10][11][12][13]. The structure developed in this paper consists of an active resistor implemented in CMOS technology [14].…”

Section: The Pseudo-resistormentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-linear model for pseudo CMOS resistors addressing the recovery time in bio-amplifiers

Pereira

Galeti

Buhler

et al. 2019

Semicond. Sci. Technol.

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This work presents a new fast model, based on piecewise linear (PWL) methodology, for pseudo-resistors SPICE simulation, including the non-linear working range, fully supported by experimental data. SPICE simulations with fixed resistances or transistor modelled as pseudoresistors do not reproduce simultaneously its real behavior for both the linear and the non-linear regions. A complete set of steps which validate the PWL macromodel for bio-amplifiers project is presented. As a case study, this paper addresses the pseudo-resistor characteristics operating in the non-linear region when implemented in a low-frequency bio-potential amplifier with narrow bandwidth, for use in heart rate meters and QRS complex monitoring systems. The use of the pseudo-resistor in this low-voltage low-power topology associates DC offset cancellation with an adequate frequency response. Moreover, this work shows that the non-linear characteristics of these devices can be used for a significant reduction in bio-amplifier recovery time (a.k.a. settling time) without any additional device or mechanism, making the heart rate measurements steadier and more reliable than obtained so far in current systems. The transient recovery time, as well as the response to QRS complex, was widely evaluated through experimental measurements and SPICE simulations, thanks to the proposed model. The bio-potential amplifier design was implemented using GF 8HP 0.13 μm BiCMOS technology from Global Foundries. Keywords: piecewise linear macro-model, MOS bipolar pseudo-resistor, pseudo-resistor, small recovery time, bio-potential amplifier, low power design

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Section: The Pseudo-resistormentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-linear model for pseudo CMOS resistors addressing the recovery time in bio-amplifiers

Pereira

Galeti

Buhler

et al. 2019

Semicond. Sci. Technol.

Self Cite

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“…Techniques like leakage compensation scheme [134], gate leakage noise reduction scheme [133], robustness enhancement scheme [135] and bootstrapping scheme [137] have proven to be useful to encounter the non-linearities introduced by these aforementioned factors. Apart, from these techniques, Pereira et al [136] have recently proposed a methodology to model non-linear characteristics of a pseudo-resistor and implement experimental measurements based on piecewise linear approximation technique. They have also [136] introduced a pseudo-resistor model for SPICE simulation that can closely predict the experimental behavior.…”

Section: Miscellaneous (Figures 13(n)-(x))mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Apart, from these techniques, Pereira et al [136] have recently proposed a methodology to model non-linear characteristics of a pseudo-resistor and implement experimental measurements based on piecewise linear approximation technique. They have also [136] introduced a pseudo-resistor model for SPICE simulation that can closely predict the experimental behavior. • RESPR relies on Operational amplifier and a current bias circuit to bias the pseudo-resistor [135].…”

Section: Miscellaneous (Figures 13(n)-(x))mentioning

confidence: 99%

Design considerations for effective neural signal sensing and amplification: a review

Sharma

2019

Biomed. Phys. Eng. Express

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An electronic system comprising of significant circuit blocks like sensors (to capture the right strength of signals) and Low Noise Amplifier (to suitably amplify the same) are required for proper diagnosis of any brain-related chronic diseases or temporary neurological disorders. Challenges regarding the design of a complete neural system have been understood by researchers in bits and pieces without actually somebody threading this important piece of information for use in future by research community in this field. We in this paper, provide an overview of neural signal modalities, summary of different neural signal sensing elements, specifications in designing an ideal neural amplifier, discussions pertaining to tradeoffs and inter-dependency between different parameters of neural amplifiers. Paper also presents a detailed piece of information about the state-of-the-art of these design parameters while comparing the results obtained by various researchers with the help of graphs, tables, and suitable figures. A comprehensive information presented in this way would help the reader to appreciate the intricacies of this much challenging field in an even detailed manner with the most appropriate reference citation for the same.

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“…It can suppress the measured bio-potentials [10], noise potentials generated from other body muscles during signal acquisition [11] or even the high input voltage discharges from defibrillator machines, among others. This was achieved thanks to the use of the pseudoresistor in the feedback loop of the circuit presented in figure 1 as a variable resistor, able to deliver resistance values from few ohms up to tera ohms [12,13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling and experimental evaluation of pseudo-resistor’s temperature dependence

Pereira

Galeti

Testa

et al. 2020

Semicond. Sci. Technol.

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This work presents the experimental temperature dependence evaluation of the pseudo-resistor piecewise linear (PWL) macromodel, for temperature ranging from 300 to 333 K. The studied macromodel is based on the PWL methodology and it can be used for pseudo-resistors SPICE simulation, including both linear and non-linear operation regions. This study was carried out using a low-frequency bio-potential amplifier with narrow bandwidth for use in QRS complex (part of the electrocardiogram which is a combination of the Q wave, R wave and S wave) detection systems. The architecture based on pseudo-resistors provides DC offset cancellation, adequate frequency response and a significant reduction of the signal recovery time. Both the pseudo-resistor and the QRS complex detector performance were experimentally measured with the temperature variation, in order to include this dependency in the PWL model. The transient recovery time, as well as the QRS complex detector frequency response, was also widely evaluated, in the proposed temperature range, through experimental measurements. The temperature dependence was added to the model and implemented in the SPICE simulation. The model outputs showed strong adherence to experimental data, showing a disagreement less than 6% in the low cut-off frequency. The macromodel’s response to the recovery time also followed the same experimental results behavior, presenting a maximum error of 20% within human body temperature range. The obtained recovery time was less than a normal heartbeat period to the entire temperature range evaluated. All of the analyzed circuits were implemented using GF 8HP 0.13 μm BiCMOS technology from Global Foundries.

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Experimental study and modeling of pseudo-resistor's non-linearity

Cited by 4 publications

References 6 publications

Non-linear model for pseudo CMOS resistors addressing the recovery time in bio-amplifiers

Non-linear model for pseudo CMOS resistors addressing the recovery time in bio-amplifiers

Design considerations for effective neural signal sensing and amplification: a review

Modeling and experimental evaluation of pseudo-resistor’s temperature dependence

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