Experimental Investigation and Thermodynamic Calculation of Ag–Pd–Sn Ternary System

Pavlenko, A. S.; Ptashkina, Evgeniya A.; Kabanova, E. G.; Zhmurko, G. P.; Kareva, M. A.; Kuznetsov, V. N.

doi:10.2139/ssrn.4182087

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“…Since the atoms of indium, tin, and palladium have very similar values of atomic X-ray scattering factors [ 24 ], superstructure reflections intensity was essentially zero. For this reason, to determine the crystal structure of In-type tetragonal phases in samples 1–6, 8–11, and 13, we used an approach similar to that described in [ 20 , 21 ]. This approach is based on the results of [ 8 , 9 , 25 ], who found that in the In–Pd binary system, the low-temperature modification of InPd 3 (Al 3 Ti-structure) and the high-temperature modification of the InPd 3 compound (Al 3 Zr-structure) differ in the ratio of c/a parameters for their face-centered pseudocubic subcells.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, the latter was used in our previous calculations of related systems (f.e. [ 21 ]), and unification of models is highly desirable. In addition, the present authors tested [ 33 ] the performance of Toop and Muggianu models using the Ag–Au–In system as test case.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At 800 °C, the annealing time was 1680 h (14 samples), and at 500 °C for 3600 h (18 samples). The high content of palladium in the alloys and the previous studies of the authors of similar systems with palladium [ 20 , 21 ] were taken into account when choosing the annealing time.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phase Equilibria of the In–Pd–Sn System at 500 °C and 800 °C: Experimental Study and CALPHAD Modeling

et al. 2023

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Phase equilibria in the In–Pd–Sn system were investigated by a combination of key experiments and thermodynamic modeling. Partial isothermal sections at 500 °C and 800 °C of the In–Pd–Sn system for Pd contents above 66 at.% have been plotted experimentally using scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The solubility of the third component in binary compounds InPd3 and Pd3Sn was determined. The new ternary compound τ1 was found in Pd contents ranging from 20 to 25 at.% and at Sn contents varying from 5 to approximately 17 at.% Sn. This compound crystallizes in an Al3Ti-type tetragonal structure. Isostructural InPd2 and Pd2Sn phases from the In–Pd and Pd–Sn binary compositions form a continuous phase field in the ternary system at both temperatures. The temperatures of the solidus, liquidus, and phase transitions of the alloys along the Pd–In50Sn50 line were measured using DTA/DSC. Thermodynamic calculation of the In–Pd–Sn ternary system is performed using the CALPHAD method using the Thermo-Calc® software. The thermodynamic properties of the disordered fcc and liquid phases were described by the Redlich–Kister–Muggianu model. To describe intermetallic phases, namely, InPd3, Pd3Sn, τ1 and Pd2(InxSn1−x), a two-sublattice models was used. Thermodynamic description of the In–Pd–Sn system obtained in this study is in good agreement both with our results and the published experimental data

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