Experimental infection of pigs with a classical swine fever virus isolated in Japan for the first time in 26 years

Kameyama, Ken-ichiro; Nishi, Tatsuya; Yamada, Manabu; Masujin, Kentaro; Morioka, Kazuki; Kokuho, Takehiro; Fukai, Katsuhiko

doi:10.1292/jvms.19-0133

Cited by 32 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Recently, CSF have been reported in Gifu Prefecture, affecting domestic pigs and wild boars since September 2019 in Japan [8,9]. The current circulating CSFV in Japan was identified moderate pathogenicity and most closely matched in nucleotide identity, with CSFVs recently isolated in China and Mongolia [8]. A space-time permutation analysis in Japan showed virus transmission spread (10.3 and 4.9 days/km) among wild boars in two significant clusters [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…A high density of wild boars, particularly young wild boars, drives CSF outbreaks [7]. Recently, CSF have been reported in Gifu Prefecture, affecting domestic pigs and wild boars since September 2019 in Japan [8,9]. The current circulating CSFV in Japan was identified moderate pathogenicity and most closely matched in nucleotide identity, with CSFVs recently isolated in China and Mongolia [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Rapid Spread of Classical Swine Fever Virus among South Korean Wild Boars in Areas near the Border with North Korea

Choe

et al. 2020

Pathogens

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There has been a rapid increase in the number of classical swine fever (CSF) sero-positive wild boars captured near the demilitarized zone (DMZ), located the border with North Korea. In 2015–2016, few CSFV-positive antibody boars were detected; however, the number has increased steeply since 2017. Most occurred in the northern region of Gyeonggi before spreading slowly to Gangwon (west to east) in 2018–2019. Multi-distance spatial cluster analysis provided an indirect estimate of the time taken for CSFV to spread among wild boars: 46.7, 2.6, and 2.49 days/km. The average CSF serum neutralization antibody titer was 4–10 (log 2), and CSFV Ab B-ELISA PI values ranged from 65.5 to 111.5, regardless of the age and sex of wild boars. Full genome analysis revealed that 16 CSFV strains isolated from wild boars between 2017 and 2019 were identical to the YC16CS strain (sub-genotype 2.1d) isolated from an outbreak in breeding pigs near the border with North Korea in 2016. The rapid increase in CSF in wild boars may be due to a continuously circulating infection within hub area and increased population density. The distribution pattern of CSFV in Korean wild boars moves from west to southeast, affected by external factors, including small-scale hunting, geographical features and highways.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Rapid Spread of Classical Swine Fever Virus among South Korean Wild Boars in Areas near the Border with North Korea

Choe

et al. 2020

Pathogens

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“…In September 2018, the first CSF outbreak in Japan for 26 years was reported [15,16]. Despite countermeasures being taken, including the culling of infected herds and movement restrictions, the infection has continued to spread in 10 prefectures, resulting in 57 outbreaks and a total of 165,186 pigs culled as of 2 March 2020 [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a High-Throughput Serum Neutralization Test Using Recombinant Pestiviruses Possessing a Small Reporter Tag

et al. 2020

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A serum neutralization test (SNT) is an essential method for the serological diagnosis of pestivirus infections, including classical swine fever, because of the cross reactivity of antibodies against pestiviruses and the non-quantitative properties of antibodies in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In conventional SNTs, an immunoperoxidase assay or observation of cytopathic effect after incubation for 3 to 7 days is needed to determine the SNT titer, which requires labor-intensive or time-consuming procedures. Therefore, a new SNT, based on the luciferase system and using classical swine fever virus, bovine viral diarrhea virus, and border disease virus possessing the 11-amino-acid subunit derived from NanoLuc luciferase was developed and evaluated; this approach enabled the rapid and easy determination of the SNT titer using a luminometer. In the new method, SNT titers can be determined tentatively at 2 days post-infection (dpi) and are comparable to those obtained by conventional SNTs at 3 or 4 dpi. In conclusion, the luciferase-based SNT can replace conventional SNTs as a high-throughput antibody test for pestivirus infections.

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“…Previous studies have also shown that moderate virulence strains are widely distributed [13][14][15]. In this regard, the strain of CSFV that recently caused an epidemic in Japan after 26 years has been characterised to be of moderate virulence [16,17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Foetal Immune Response Activation and High Replication Rate during Generation of Classical Swine Fever Congenital Infection

Bohórquez¹,

Muñoz-González²,

Pérez‐Simó³

et al. 2020

Pathogens

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Classical swine fever virus (CSFV) induces trans-placental transmission and congenital viral persistence; however, the available information is not updated. Three groups of sows were infected at mid-gestation with either a high, moderate or low virulence CSFV strains. Foetuses from sows infected with high or low virulence strain were obtained before delivery and piglets from sows infected with the moderate virulence strain were studied for 32 days after birth. The low virulence strain generated lower CSFV RNA load and the lowest proportion of trans-placental transmission. Severe lesions and mummifications were observed in foetuses infected with the high virulence strain. Sows infected with the moderately virulence strain showed stillbirths and mummifications, one of them delivered live piglets, all CSFV persistently infected. Efficient trans-placental transmission was detected in sows infected with the high and moderate virulence strain. The trans-placental transmission occurred before the onset of antibody response, which started at 14 days after infection in these sows and was influenced by replication efficacy of the infecting strain. Fast and solid immunity after sow vaccination is required for prevention of congenital viral persistence. An increase in the CD8+ T-cell subset and IFN-alpha response was found in viremic foetuses, or in those that showed higher viral replication in tissue, showing the CSFV recognition capacity by the foetal immune system after trans-placental infection.

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Experimental infection of pigs with a classical swine fever virus isolated in Japan for the first time in 26 years

Cited by 32 publications

References 17 publications

Rapid Spread of Classical Swine Fever Virus among South Korean Wild Boars in Areas near the Border with North Korea

Rapid Spread of Classical Swine Fever Virus among South Korean Wild Boars in Areas near the Border with North Korea

Development of a High-Throughput Serum Neutralization Test Using Recombinant Pestiviruses Possessing a Small Reporter Tag

Foetal Immune Response Activation and High Replication Rate during Generation of Classical Swine Fever Congenital Infection

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