Experimental Demonstration of Passive Optical Network Based on Mode-Division-Multiplexing

Experimental demonstration of 6-mode division multiplexed NG-PON2: Cost effective 40 Gbit/s/spatial-mode access based on 3D laser inscribed photonic lanterns

“…On the contrary, there is an increasing interest in SDM-PONs, as summarized in Fig. 1, towards larger splitting ratios (SRs) to increase coverage and reduce overall cost 3,4 by incorporating low-modal-crosstalk fiber so that discrete spatial modes can be detected individuality without using MIMO DSP [5][6][7] . In most practical systems, the limitation of having higher SRs is the power budget due to the fact that characteristically SMF splitters have an unavoidable bi-directional loss 8 .…”

Quantum encrypted signals on multiuser optical fiber networks: Simulation analysis of next generation services and technologies

“…To mitigate these linear impairments, equalization by multi-input multi-output (MIMO) digital signal processing (DSP) is required at receiver. On the contrary, there is an increasing interest in SDM based passive optical networks (PONs), towards larger splitting ratios (SRs) to increase coverage and reduce overall cost [8], [9] by incorporating lowmodal-crosstalk fiber so that discrete spatial modes can be detected individuality without using MIMO DSP [10]- [12] because it is cost-effective at access networking level not to use coherent receivers. In most practical systems, the limitation of having higher SRs is the power budget due to the fact that characteristically SMF splitters have an unavoidable bidirectional loss [13].…”

“…As an alternative, FMF-PONs have been demonstrated [11], [12] with 2-LP modes (LP 01 , LP 11 ) and bit-rates of 1.25 Gbit/s and 10 Gbit/s, respectively. To enable cutting-edge standardization of future optical access systems, the FSAN (Full Service Access Network) Group and ITU-T SG15 are currently discussing and standardizing the specifications of a 40 Gbit/s capable PON, which employs wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) technology, for the purpose of enabling cost-effective 40 Gbit/s capable transmission capacity and multiple service capability [15].…”

Characterization of Rayleigh backscattering arising in various two-mode fibers

“…As a new application, FMF is proposed for passive optical networks (PON) due to its potential to maximize the loss budget and the number of optical network units (ONUs). Two-mode fiber (TMF) based PON has been experimentally demonstrated [16][17][18][19]. Therefore, RB arising in the TMF needs careful analysis, because it brings transmission impairment for upstream data transmission.…”