Experimental and Monte Carlo investigations of gamma ray transmission and buildup factors for inorganic nanoparticle/epoxy composites

Alavian, Hoda; Samie, Ali; Tavakoli-Anbaran, Hossein

doi:10.1016/j.radphyschem.2020.108960

Cited by 33 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…For instance, the mass attenuation values were higher to low values of radiative energy (10 keV and 0.8 MeV) of natural fiber high-density polyethylene and lead oxide composites [67]. Lead-based materials have shown more efficient shielding properties against gamma radiation; for instance, polymeric nanocomposites based on epoxy resin with inorganic fillers, such as Pb, Zn, ZnO, Ti, and TiO 2 were studied, and the results showed that these composites based on epoxy and Pb 25 wt % presented the highest shielding properties [68].…”

Section: Composites As An Approach To Enhance the Performance Of Polymers Against He-emrmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Brief Review on the High-Energy Electromagnetic Radiation-Shielding Materials Based on Polymer Nanocomposites

Acevedo-Del-Castillo

Águila-Toledo

Maldonado-Magnere

et al. 2021

IJMS

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This paper revises the use of polymer nanocomposites to attenuate high-energy electromagnetic radiation (HE-EMR), such as gamma radiation. As known, high-energy radiation produces drastic damage not only in facilities or electronic devices but also to life and the environment. Among the different approaches to attenuate the HE-EMR, we consider the use of compounds with a high atomic number (Z), such as lead, but as known, lead is toxic. Therefore, different works have considered low-toxicity post-transitional metal-based compounds, such as bismuth. Additionally, nanosized particles have shown higher performance to attenuate HE-EMR than those that are micro-sized. On the other hand, materials with π-conjugated systems can also play a role in spreading the energy of electrons ejected as a consequence of the interaction of HE-EMR with matter, preventing the ionization and bond scission of polymers. The different effects produced by the interactions of the matter with HE-EMR are revised. The increase of the shielding properties of lightweight, flexible, and versatile materials such as polymer-based materials can be a contribution for developing technologies to obtain more efficient materials for preventing the damage produced for the HE-EMR in different industries where it is found.

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Section: Composites As An Approach To Enhance the Performance Of Polymers Against He-emrmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Brief Review on the High-Energy Electromagnetic Radiation-Shielding Materials Based on Polymer Nanocomposites

Acevedo-Del-Castillo

Águila-Toledo

Maldonado-Magnere

et al. 2021

IJMS

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“…Despite having great radiation attenuation properties, lead and concrete are discarded due to the heterogeneous nature of lead, and moisture variation in concretes makes it hard to predict radiation protection (Singh et al 2015 ) and insidious hazards are proposed by lead to human health and the environment (Thuyavan et al 2015 ). In contrast to the past, polymer and its composites offer promising suitable alternative candidates to lead and concrete in the field of radiation shielding due to its lightweight, durability, flexibility along with superior physical, mechanical, optical, and radiation resistance properties (Ambika et al 2017 ; Alavian et al 2020 ). Besides, polymers can easily be doped with sizeable amounts of high atmic number (high-Z) materials to form their composites that are more competent radiation shields (Atashi et al 2018 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymeric composite materials for radiation shielding: a review

et al. 2021

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The rising use of radioactive elements is increasing radioactive pollution and calling for advanced materials to protect individuals. For instance, polymers are promising due to their mechanical, electrical, thermal, and multifunctional properties. Moreover, composites made of polymers and high atomic number fillers should allow to obtain material with low-weight, good flexibility, and good processability. Here we review the synthesis of polymer materials for radiation protection, with focus on the role of the nanofillers. We discuss the effectivness of polymeric materials for the absorption of fast neutrons. We also present the recycling of polymers into composites.

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“…Compared to GN, EP could be more strongly bound with the hBN interface because the electrostatic force only works at the hBN–EP interface . Another aspect that signified the use of hBN is the reduced particle size (486 nm refers to ref ) towards enhanced interaction within the EP matrix, leading to improved dispersion within the EP-MoS 2 composite benefiting X-ray attenuation …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphene and Hexagonal Boron Nitride in Molybdenum Disulfide/Epoxy Composites for Significant X-ray Shielding Enhancement

Yap

Santos

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Nano Mater.

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Lead (Pb) is commonly used as a X-ray shielding material but has many limitations because of its heaviness and toxicity; thus, it is imperative to be replaced with lightweight and Pb-free shielding materials. To address this problem, molybdenum disulfide (MoS2)/epoxy (MoS2-EP) composites were considered as a possible solution. However, the low compatibility between MoS2 and an epoxy (EP) matrix and an unideal particle dispersion he lack of their distribution have hindered their designed X-ray shielding performance. To overcome this problem, this paper presented how the combination of graphene (GN) and hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) additives can significantly enhance the X-ray shielding performance of MoS2-EP composites. The results showed that when GN or hBN were introduced into the EP-MoS2 composite, X-ray transmission was reduced to 9.8% at 30 kVp and 40.3% at 80 kVp for EP-MoS2-GN and 7.1% at 30 kVp and 34.3% at 80 kVp for EP-MoS2-hBN. These results were explained due to the high aspect ratio of GN, which improved the MoS2 distribution within the EP matrix in the case of hBN, and the electrostatic forces at the interface of hBN and EP leading to better dispersion and interaction with the EP matrix compared to GN. Moreover, by employing an equal amount of the GN–hBN mixture, the synergistic effect of the EP-MoS2-GN-hBN composite film was observed with a significant X-ray shielding enhancement of 52.1% at 30 kVp and 33.2% at 80 kVp compared to that of the EP-MoS2 composite with the same thickness (2 mm) and density. These results were attributed to the molecular bonding of GN or hBN, which improved the compatibility between MoS2 and the EP matrix, providing other benefits of reduced surface roughness (0.46 μm) and improved composite hardness (65.7 HD). This work highlights a new strategy using combined GN and/or hBN for other high atomic number (Z) compounds–polymer composites and the development of advanced non-Pb X-ray shielding applications.

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Experimental and Monte Carlo investigations of gamma ray transmission and buildup factors for inorganic nanoparticle/epoxy composites

Cited by 33 publications

References 45 publications

A Brief Review on the High-Energy Electromagnetic Radiation-Shielding Materials Based on Polymer Nanocomposites

A Brief Review on the High-Energy Electromagnetic Radiation-Shielding Materials Based on Polymer Nanocomposites

Polymeric composite materials for radiation shielding: a review

Graphene and Hexagonal Boron Nitride in Molybdenum Disulfide/Epoxy Composites for Significant X-ray Shielding Enhancement

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