Exo-circRNAs: a new paradigm for anticancer therapy

Bai, Hetian; Lei, Kexin; Huang, Fei; Zhou, Jiang; Zhou, Xikun

doi:10.1186/s12943-019-0986-2

Cited by 82 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 83 publications

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“…In addition, when exo-circRNAs are transported from tumour cells to immunocytes, they help release the miRNAs into the immunocytes to silence related target genes [132]. Similarly, Bai described two possible main regulatory mechanisms of exo-circRNAs by sponging miRNAs [133]. For example, exosomes derived from PC cells carry circRNA IARS to the target site (HUVECs).…”

Section: Exosome-derived Circrnas and The Tmementioning

confidence: 99%

Roles of circRNAs in the tumour microenvironment

et al. 2020

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The tumour microenvironment (TME) constitutes the area surrounding the tumour during its development and has been demonstrated to play roles in cancer-related diseases through crosstalk with tumour cells. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a subpopulation of endogenous noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) that are ubiquitously expressed in eukaryotes and have multiple biological functions in the regulation of cancer onset and progression. An increasing number of studies have shown that circRNAs participate in the multifaceted biological regulation of the TME. However, details on the mechanisms involved have remained elusive until now. In this review, we analyse the effects of circRNAs on the TME from various perspectives, including immune surveillance, angiogenesis, hypoxia, matrix remodelling, exo-circRNAs and chemoradiation resistance. Currently, the enormous potential for circRNA use in targeted therapy and as noninvasive biomarkers have drawn our attention. We emphasize the prospect of targeting circRNAs as an essential strategy to regulate TME, overcome cancer resistance and improve therapeutic outcomes.

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Section: Exosome-derived Circrnas and The Tmementioning

confidence: 99%

Roles of circRNAs in the tumour microenvironment

et al. 2020

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“…Exosomal circRNAs promote the progression (proliferation and invasiveness) of cancer, the generation of premetastatic niches and the occurrence of metastasis (33,34). By contrast, exosomal circRNAs also regulate tumour immunity and immunotherapy and play a role in cancer treatment (35,36).…”

Section: Exosomal Circular Rna Sorting Mechanisms and Their Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cells can remove cytoplasmic circRNAs by releasing cargo-bearing EVs, such as microvesicles and exosomes. By releasing circRNAs from cells in EVs, they are removed from the cell via export into the extracellular space (63); this may explain why circRNAs are abundant in exosomes and are potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets during disease processes (35). Finally, exosomal circRNA is highly abundant and stable, perhaps due to the protective effects of exosomes or certain sequence features, as well as its protein partners.…”

Section: Exosomal Circrnas and Their Sorting Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Exosomes can also encapsulate both siRNAs and short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) that are specifically designed to target and reduce the levels of specific circRNAs in tumour cells that have detrimental effects on patient outcomes (35). These siRNAs or shRNAs sponge miRNAs and promote the expression of antioncogenes that indirectly inhibit damage caused by circRNAs (95,118).…”

Section: Exosomal Circrnas Promote the Generation Of Premeta-mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exosomal circular RNA sorting mechanisms and their function in promoting or inhibiting cancer (Review)

et al. 2020

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Exosomes are nanoscale phospholipid bilayer vesicles that can be artificially engineered into vectors for the treatment of cancer. Circular RNA (circRNA), a type of non-coding RNA, has crucial regulatory functions in various aspects of cancer, such as tumorigenesis, apoptosis, proliferation, invasion, metastasis and chemo-and radiotherapeutic resistance, as well as in cancer prognosis. Notably, the exosomal transfer of circRNAs may function to both promote and inhibit cancer. Numerous studies have addressed the importance of circRNAs in cancer and non-coding RNAs (such as microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs) in exosomes. However, little research has focussed on a class of RNAs called exosomal circRNAs. The present review discusses current studies regarding exosomal circRNAs, including their biogenesis and biological functions, their abundance in exosomes and possible sorting mechanisms and their potential roles in both promoting and inhibiting cancer. It is predicted that in the next five years there will be increasing research exploring the functional mechanisms of exosomal circRNA in various diseases, in particular their roles in cancer genesis and progression.

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“…Exosomes have been identified in the serum, plasma, breast milk, and other human bodily fluids. Recent findings have reported that exosomal miRNAs contain miRNA, mRNA and cell-specific proteins, and have been used as a diagnostic biomarker in tumor cells, as they may reflect genetic information and molecular signatures of the various cells of origin[17][18][19]. Tumor cell-derived exosomes contain tumor-specific miRNAs, and their roles in malignant progression, tumor cell invasion and migration are emerging[20,21].…”

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confidence: 99%

Circulating exosomal microRNAs as novel detection biomarkers in pancreatic cancer

Zhou

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background Circulating exosomal microRNAs are reflective of the characteristics of the tumor, are valuable biomarkers in different types of tumors, and play important roles in tumor progression and metastasis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the circulating exosomal microRNAs miRNA-21 and miRNA-210 as novel biomarkers for patients with pancreatic cancer (PC).Methods Serum exosomal microRNAs were extracted from the serum of PC and chronic pancreatitis (CP) patients using an RNA Isolation kit. To identify the exosomes in the serum, we used transmission electron micrographs for the crystalline structure, western blotting, and NanoSight for exosomal markers and nanoparticle characterization. The relative expression levels of exosomal microRNAs were quantiﬁed using quantitative PCR and compared between PC and CP patients.Results A total of 40 serum samples (30 PC and 10 CP) were collected. The expression levels of both exosomal miRNA-21 and miRNA-210 were obviously higher in PC patients compared with those in CP patients (both P<0.001). However, no signiﬁcant difference in the relative serum levels of free miR-21 and miR-210 was observed between these two groups (both P>0.05). Exosomal miRNA-21 and miRNA-210 were related to tumor stage, as well as other factors. The diagnostic of exosomal miRNA-21 and miRNA-210 levels was 83% and 85%, respectively. Furthermore, when combining the expression of exosomal miRNA with serum CA19-9, the accuracy increased to 90%.Conclusions We herein identified that the serum exosomal miRNAs miRNA-21 and miRNA-210 may be of value as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for the diagnosis and treatment of PC.

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Exo-circRNAs: a new paradigm for anticancer therapy

Cited by 82 publications

References 83 publications

Roles of circRNAs in the tumour microenvironment

Roles of circRNAs in the tumour microenvironment

Exosomal circular RNA sorting mechanisms and their function in promoting or inhibiting cancer (Review)

Circulating exosomal microRNAs as novel detection biomarkers in pancreatic cancer

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