Existential and Virtuous Effects of Religiosity on Mental Health and Aggressiveness among Offenders

Jang, Sung Joon; Johnson, Byron R.; Hays, Joshua; Hallett, Michael; Duwe, Grant

doi:10.3390/rel9060182

Cited by 27 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…The positive relationships between inmates’ exposure to the Faith-Based Ministry and virtues are encouraging evidence that prison can function as a truly “correctional” institution, where virtues such as humility and gratitude are fostered, as Cullen et al (2001/2014) proposed in their concept of a “virtuous prison.” This finding also indicates that religion tends to promote virtues among prison inmates (Jang et al, 2018; see also Smith, 2003), consistent with Cullen et al’s illustration of the virtuous prison using an example of a faith-based prison program in Texas. For religious inmates, a sense of meaning and purpose in life and virtues tied to their relationship with God are also relevant because inmates who believe God’s special plan for their lives and forgiveness of their “sins” are likely grateful to God and thereby motivated to change.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

“…Finally, the preventive effect of personal virtue on crime is anticipated given the very nature of crime (Jang, Johnson, Hays, Hallett, & Duwe, 2018). For example, gratitude that involves empathic emotions (Emmons & McCullough, 2003) and forgiveness, which restores broken relationships (Krause, 2018), are the opposite to crime, which “results in pain or discomfort for the victim ” (Gottfredson & Hirschi, 1990, p. 89) and is driven by vengeance in many instances (Agnew, 2006).…”

Section: The Present Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prisoners Helping Prisoners Change: A Study of Inmate Field Ministers Within Texas Prisons

Jang

Johnson

Hays

et al. 2019

Int J Offender Ther Comp Criminol

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Research on incarcerated offenders trained to help prisoners change is rare because programs that equip inmates with practical capacities for helping others rehabilitate in prison hardly exist. An exception is the Field Ministry program in Texas, which enlists inmates who have graduated from a prison-based seminary to work as “Field Ministers” and serve other inmates in various capacities. We hypothesize that inmate exposure to Field Ministers is inversely related to antisocial factors and positively to prosocial ones. We applied manifest-variable structural equation modeling to analyze data from a survey of a random sample of male inmates at three maximum-security prisons where the Field Ministry program operated. We found that inmates exposed more frequently to the Field Ministry and for a longer time period tended to report lower levels of criminological risk factors and aggressiveness and higher levels of virtues and predictors of human agency as well as religiosity and spirituality.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: The Present Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Prisoners Helping Prisoners Change: A Study of Inmate Field Ministers Within Texas Prisons

Jang

Johnson

Hays

et al. 2019

Int J Offender Ther Comp Criminol

Self Cite

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“…However, the present study found that aggressiveness was affected by SQ by 20.6% and the remaining percentages were affected by other variables not included in this study. Some relevant studies indicate socio-demographic factors, such as gender, religion, diet, parenting style and mixed-sex education have considerable influence on a person's level of aggressiveness (Jain et al, 2018;Hofer & Spengler, 2018;Silva et al, 2017;Jang et al, 2018). An impactful factor of SQ, however, is religion or religious values a person follows.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The portrait of spiritual intelligence and aggressiveness of university students

Sakti

Alim

2019

j. psikol. pendidik.

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Aggression is interpreted as a behavior that aims to hurt others physically and verbally. This study used quantitative approach through correlational method to find out the influence of spiritual intelligence (SQ) to the aggressiveness in university students. Students' aggressiveness was measured using adapted aggression questionnaire, while SQ was measured using the adapted spiritual intelligence scale. The sample technique used proportional random sampling technique and data analysis used regression test through SPSS 22. The findings of the research suggest that spiritual intelligence has a positive and significant effect on students' aggressiveness. The research results point out that SQ among the students encourages God spot activation. God spot leads students to show ideal behavior and find peaceful solution for every problem. God spot makes students crave on the transcendence; as the consequence, the deep love, peaceful, unity of existence arise in students' mind and behavior. The peaceful behavior significantly decreases students' aggressiveness Abstrak: Agresi sering diartikan sebagai suatu perilaku yang bertujuan untuk menyakiti orang lain baik secara fisik maupun verbal. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif, teknik penelitian yang digunakan adalah teknik korelasional untuk mengatahui pengaruh kecerdasan spiritual terhadap agresivitas mahasiswa. Agresi diukur dengan menggunakan hasil adaptasi dari skala aggression questionnaire dan kecerdasan spiritual yang diukur menggunakan skala yang diadaptasi dari skala SQ (spiritual quotient). Teknik sampel pada penelitian ini menggunakan proportional random sampling dan teknik analisis data dilakukan melalui uji regresi sederhana menggunakan SPSS 22. Berdasarkan temuan peneliti, kecerdasan spiritual berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap agresivitas mahasiswa Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kecerdasan spiritual pada mahasiswa mendorong pengaktivan god spot. Titik tuhan yang disebut god spot menyebabkan seseorang bersikap idealis dan mencari solusi atas problem yang ada. God spot membuat seseorang berhasrat pada sesuatu yang lebih tinggi (transenden), sehingga muncul rasa cinta yang mendalam, rasa damai yang mendalam, rasa kesatuan eksistensi, dan keindahan yang mendalam. Keinginan untuk berperilaku damai akan menurunkan agresivitas mahasiswa.

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“…This study has important implications for research in mental health and care. Many studies have made salutary connections between mental health and religiosity (KOENIG et al 2012;MOREIRA-ALMEIDA et al 2006;JANG et al 2018;ABDEL-KHALEK & LESTER 2017), and highlighted how religiosity can impact the likelihood of accessing mental health services (TURNER et al 2018). While some have been critical of the approaches to measuring religiosity taken in these studies, our research indicates that measuring religiosity using either the generic or mature measures of religiosity should not significantly impact the research outcomes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

‘Generic’ Versus ‘Mature’ Measures Of Christian Religiosity: Comparing Two Quantitative Measures of Religiosity

O’Connell¹,

Abbott²,

White³

2019

EJMH

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A wide range of survey-based tools has been developed to measure religiosity, although the most commonly applied approaches tend to focus on 'generic' interpretations of religiosity for practical and generalising reasons. However, these generic approaches have not always been satisfactory due to the lack of variation in responses and the potential for poor correlation between the generic religiosity measure and the overall impact of faith in respondents' lives, particularly in less secular contexts. This led us to explore whether there is a difference between measuring religiosity using a 'generic' versus a 'mature' approach using 227 Christian respondents on Bantayan Island, the Philippines. The findings suggest that overall religiosity among our respondents was high for both measures, that the measures are strongly correlated, and that there was no statistically significant difference between the scores for each scale; however, there was evidence to suggest that the two scales are examining different dimensions of religiosity. When correlating the two religiosity scores to other scales on our survey, there was no statistically significant difference among the correlations when using the mature or generic measure of religiosity. This has important implications for mental health and care research methodologies, for which we highlight the importance of using contextually appropriate measures that incorporate various dimensions of religiosity.

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Existential and Virtuous Effects of Religiosity on Mental Health and Aggressiveness among Offenders

Cited by 27 publications

References 64 publications

Prisoners Helping Prisoners Change: A Study of Inmate Field Ministers Within Texas Prisons

Prisoners Helping Prisoners Change: A Study of Inmate Field Ministers Within Texas Prisons

The portrait of spiritual intelligence and aggressiveness of university students

‘Generic’ Versus ‘Mature’ Measures Of Christian Religiosity: Comparing Two Quantitative Measures of Religiosity

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