Exhausts toxicity investigation of turbojet engine, fed with conventional and biofuel, performed with aid of BAT-CELL method

Janicka, Anna; Zawiślak, Maciej; Zaczyńska, Ewa; Czarny, Anna; Górniak, Aleksander; Gawron, Bartosz; Białecki, Tomasz

doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.07.553

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…The miniature turbojet engine GTM-140 is used not only in aviation alternative fuels research area but also for emission toxicity tests. The results of the preliminary studies were presented by Gawron et al [30,31] and Janicka et al [32].…”

Section: Gawron and Białeckimentioning

confidence: 94%

Combustion and Emissions Characteristics of the Turbine Engine Fueled with HEFA Blends from Different Feedstocks

et al. 2020

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In the next decade, due to the desire for significant reduction in the carbon footprint left by the aviation sector and the development of a sustainable alternatives to petroleum, fuel from renewable sources will play an increasing role as a propellant for turbine aircraft engines. Currently, apart from five types of jet fuel containing synthesized hydrocarbons that are certified by the ASTM D7566 standard, there is yet another synthetic blending component that is at the stage of testing and certification. Hydroprocessed esters and fatty acids enable the production of a synthetic component for jet fuel from any form of native fat or oil. Used feedstock affects the final synthetic blending component composition and consequently the properties of the blend for jet fuel and, as a result, the operation of turbine engines. A specialized laboratory test rig with a miniature turbojet engine was used for research, which is an interesting alternative to complex and expensive tests with full scale turbine engines. The results of this study revealed the differences in the parameters of engine performance and emission characteristics between tested fuels with synthetic blending components and neat jet fuel. The synthetic blending component was obtained from two different feedstock. Noticeable changes were obtained for fuel consumption, CO and NOx emissions. With the addition of the hydroprocessed esters and fatty acids (HEFA) component, the fuel consumption and CO emissions decrease. The opposite trend was observed for NOx emission. The tests presented in this article are a continuation of the authors’ research area related to alternative fuels for aviation.

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Section: Gawron and Białeckimentioning

confidence: 94%

Combustion and Emissions Characteristics of the Turbine Engine Fueled with HEFA Blends from Different Feedstocks

et al. 2020

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“…After many years, the introduction of new rules for the certification of aircraft engines by ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organization) began, which is associated with the use of a new measurement methodology, which has been proposed in publications over the past years [6]. Recent research efforts [7] are aimed at measuring gaseous and particulate emissions under real conditions and better understanding their toxicity and impact on health [8][9][10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance and Emissions of a Microturbine and Turbofan Powered by Alternative Fuels

et al. 2021

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Alternative fuels containing biocomponents produced in various technologies are introduced in aviation to reduce its carbon footprint but there is little data describing their impact on the performance and emissions of engines. The purpose of the work is to compare the performance and gas emissions produced from two different jet engines—the GTM-140 microturbine and the full-size DGEN380 turbofan, powered by blends of Jet A-1 and one of two biocomponents: (1) Alcohol-to-Jet (ATJ) and (2) Hydroprocessed Esters and Fatty Acids (HEFA) produced from used cooking oil (UCO) in various concentrations. The acquired data will be used to develop an engine emissivity model to predict gas emissions. Blends of the mineral fuel with synthetic components were prepared in various concentrations, and their physicochemical parameters were examined in the laboratory. Measurements of emissions from both engines were carried out in selected operating points using the Semtech DS gaseous analyzer and the EEPS spectrometer. The impact of tested blends on engine operating parameters is limited, and their use does not carry the risk of a significant decrease in aircraft performance or increase in fuel consumption. Increasing the content of biocomponents causes a noticeable rise in the emission of CO and slight increase for some other gasses (HC and NOx), which should not, however, worsen the working conditions of the ground personnel. This implies that there are no contraindications against using tested blends for fuelling gas-turbine engines.

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“…The engine is the main component of a MiniJETRig, constructed in the Air Force Institute of Technology (ITWL). It is used in development and research works, mainly in tests of alternative fuels for aviation (Gawron et al , 2016; Gawron et al , 2018; Gawron and Białecki, 2018; Janicka et al , 2017), in other non-aeronautical applications (Dzięgielewski et al , 2015) and in other related projects (Janicka et al , 2018; Gawron et al , 2017; Białecki et al , 2018).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The only currently available research tool in this area is a patented, innovative BAT–CELL method, established in cooperation with the Technical University in Wrocław and the Polish Academy of Sciences. Here, a special device is used for the test, and tests are conducted on lines of cuticle cells of human lung tissues, as human respiratory tracts are most exposed to compounds present in the exhaust gases (Janicka et al , 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exhaust toxicity evaluation in a gas turbine engine fueled by aviation fuel containing synthesized hydrocarbons

Gawron

Białecki

Janicka

et al. 2020

AEAT

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the toxicological impacts of exhaust generated during the combustion process of aviation fuel containing synthesized hydrocarbons. Design/methodology/approach Tests on aircraft turbine engines in full scale are complex and expensive. Therefore, a miniature turbojet engine was used in this paper as a source of exhaust gases. Toxicity was tested using innovative BAT–CELL Bio–Ambient Cell method, which consists of determination of real toxic impact of the exhaust gases on the human lung A549 and mouse L929 cells. The research was of a comparative nature. The engine was powered by a conventional jet fuel and a blend of conventional jet fuel with synthesized hydrocarbons. Findings The results show that the BAT–CELL method allows determination of the real exhaust toxicity during the combustion process in a turbine engine. The addition of a synthetic component to conventional jet fuel affected the reduction of toxicity of exhaust gases. It was confirmed for both tested cell lines. Originality/value In the literature related to the area of aviation, numerous publications in the field of testing the emission of exhaust gaseous components, particulates or volatile organic compounds can be found. However, there is a lack of research related to the evaluation of the real exhaust toxicity. In addition, it appears that the data given in aviation sector, mainly related to the emission levels of gaseous exhaust components (CO, Nox and HC) and particulate matters, might be insufficient. To fully describe the engine exhaust emissions, they should be supplemented with additional tests, i.e. in terms of toxicity.

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Exhausts toxicity investigation of turbojet engine, fed with conventional and biofuel, performed with aid of BAT-CELL method

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

Combustion and Emissions Characteristics of the Turbine Engine Fueled with HEFA Blends from Different Feedstocks

Combustion and Emissions Characteristics of the Turbine Engine Fueled with HEFA Blends from Different Feedstocks

Performance and Emissions of a Microturbine and Turbofan Powered by Alternative Fuels

Exhaust toxicity evaluation in a gas turbine engine fueled by aviation fuel containing synthesized hydrocarbons

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