Exfoliative Cytology and Cytocentrifuge Preparation of Oral Premalignant and Malignant Lesions

Abstract

Objective: Oral exfoliative cytology is a sensitive and reliable diagnostic tool for the early diagnosis of oral cancer. Traditional exfoliative cytology, though popular, has limitations which could be overcome using cytocentrifuge preparations. The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of cytocentrifuged specimens with that of conventionally prepared smears in the diagnosis of oral premalignancy and malignancy. Study Design: Exfoliative cytology was performed on 30 patients with oral premalignant and malignant lesions. The yield was smeared immediately onto a slide for conventional exfoliative cytology (group A). The lesion was then scraped again and the yield was suspended in a bottle containing a fixative solution for cytocentrifuge apparatus-assisted smearing (group B). Both smears were stained with rapid Papanicolaou stain and assessed for cellularity, cellular and nuclear morphology, evaluation of mitosis and background. Result: All the criteria assessed were statistically significant (p value of <0.001) in group B except for mitosis, which was significant in group A. Conclusion: Cytocentrifuge preparations can preserve the cellular details and reduce the overlapping of cells, enabling precise interpretation and thus aiding in the diagnosis of premalignant and malignant lesions of the oral cavity.

Cytological Diagnosis of Serous Effusions by Using Comparative Approach of Routine Staining and Cytospin Technique

“…The degree of nuclear contour irregularity was much easily appreciated on cytospin preparation in comparison to CS. [9] Thus routine centrifuge exhibits poor sensitivity and are less often positive than cytospin smears. [0,11] The presence of malignant cells in the pleural or the peritoneal fluids was indicative of metastatic lesions mostly, as in these fluids primary malignancies arising from the mesothelial cell lining were uncommon.…”

Diagnostic utility of various techniques used in body fluid cytology

“…[9] The degree of irregularity of the nuclear contour was more easily appreciated on cytocentrifuge preparation as compared to conventional smear. [10] Thus routine centrifuge exhibits poor sensitivity and are less often positive than cytospin smears. [11,12] Reactive mesothelial cells have been responsible for stimulating malignancy in conventional smear, largely due to formation rosette,pseudoacini or acini,with or without the presence of prominent nucleoli.…”

Citología convencional y en base líquida en muestra compartida de tomas cervicouterinas

“…Las atipias de las células epiteliales en base líquida fueron más fáciles de identificar al carecer de elementos que las ocultaran como el moco y la sangre; las irregularidades de los núcleos son fáciles de observar , de igual forma que el contorno nuclear irregular, así también los halos perinucleares (Figura 1B) y la atipia de las células escamosas, que muestran una ligera alteración de la relación núcleo y citoplasma debido al agrandamiento del núcleo (dos veces y media más que el tamaño de una célula intermedia), clasificación según Bethesda. 6 Dentro de la flora patógena hallada en éstas muestras se observaron Actinomyces (sp) y flora bacteriana sugestiva de vaginosis, microorganismos que también estuvieron presentes en los extendidos convencionales. La Trichomona vaginalis (Figura 1C) solo se registró en la citología en base líquida utilizando los criterios morfológicos asociados con esta infección.…”

“…2-5 Además, la base líquida se usa para el estudio de citología no ginecológica, exfoliativa o por punción-aspiración en otras regiones anatómicas, permitiendo la posibilidad de elaborar bloques celulares a partir de la muestra residual. [6][7][8][9] También, facilita el diagnóstico a distancia, la interconsulta de casos y el apoyo a docencia en el campo virtual por permitir imágenes libres de células inflamatorias y detritus biológicos. 10,11 En citología convencional la no captura de la totalidad de la muestra se debe a que en los elementos de toma se desecha cerca del 80% de la muestra, deficiencia que en parte explica la generación de falsos negativos 12,13 ; además de esta, la fijación incompleta por causa de extendidos gruesos da lugar a una coloración defectuosa.…”