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INTRODUCTIONHashimoto’s thyroiditis is the most common form of acquired hypothyroidism. Fine needle aspiration cytology is one important tool in diagnosing Hashimoto’s thyroditis, along with clinical, biochemical, immunological and ultrasonographical modalities. The present study examines cytological aspects of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis along with their correlation with clinical, biochemical and immunological findings, whenever available.MATERIALS AND METHODSThis is a retrospective study of 50 cases of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. Cytological findings were reviewed and correlated with clinical, biochemical and immunological findings whenever available.RESULTSThe majority of the patients were middle-aged females, with a female to male ratio of 6.14:1. Most patients presented with diffuse thyromegaly (68%) and/or hypothyroidism (56.09%).The antibody profile was available in 22% of patients. Of these, anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies were raised in 81.81% of patients and anti-thyroglobulin antibodies were raised in 63.63% of patients.In the present study, high lymphoid to epithelial cell ratio was seen in 78% of cases, and 74% of cases showed Hurthle cell change. Follicular atypia was seen in 36% of cases. Lymphoid follicle formation was seen in seen in 54% of cases.Follicular cell infiltration by lymphocytes, eosinophils and neutrophils was seen in 72%, 48% and 26% of cases, respectively. Plasma cells were seen in 18% of cases.CONCLUSIONThyroid function tests and immunological tests cannot diagnose all cases of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. Fine needle aspiration cytology continues to be a diagnostic tool of significance in diagnosing Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. The presence of inflammatory cells, particularly lymphocytes and eosinophils, was detected in a significant proportion of cases.

Introduction: Central nervous system (CNS) neoplasms, in India, constitute 1.9% of all cancers and in U.S. adults-2% of all cancers. Many of the non-neoplastic CNS lesions can clinically & radiologically simulate brain tumours. In such cases, histopathological examination (HPE) can be helpful in differentiating between neoplastic and non-neoplastic etiologies. Materials and Methods: This retrospective descriptive study of histopathological analysis of brain tumours was carried out in TMMC&RC, Department of Pathology from January 2015 to December 2018. The biopsies were processed by routine histological techniques and H&E stained sections were analyzed. Special stains and IHC were performed wherever appropriate. The diagnosed brain tumours were classified according to WHO 2016 classification system. Results: A total of 96 CNS biopsies were studied. The neoplasms constituted 62 (64.6%) cases, which included 60 (96.8%) primary, 1 (1.6%) metastatic and 1 miscellaneous lesion (1.6%). The 3 most common primary tumours were Astrocytic tumours, Schwannomas and Meningiomas. About 34(35.4%) cases were non neoplastic out of which the 2 most common lesions were: Cystic Lesions and non-specific inflammation. Patients' age ranged from 5 days to 80 years. The ratio of number of male and female patients was 1:1.67. IHC for Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP) was positive in astrocytomas and mixed neuronal-glial tumours. Conclusion: The present study provides information regarding the spectrum and frequency of various CNS lesions in our area and concludes that histological examination of biopsies is gold standard for accurate diagnosis of various lesions of CNS when coupled with radiological and clinical data.

Brooke-Spiegler syndrome is a rare entity. It is an autosomal dominant syndrome in which multiple trichoepitheliomas, cylindromas, or other adnexal tumors are seen. Very few cases of Brooke-Spiegler syndrome are reported in the literature. We came across a 40 -year-old female in which multiple trichoepitheliomas and cylindromas were seen on scalp. In view of clinical history and histopathological examination it was diagnosed as Brooke-Spiegler syndrome. We report this case because of its rarity.