Exfoliation of Crystalline 2D Carbon Nitride: Thin Sheets, Scrolls and Bundles via Mechanical and Chemical Routes

Bojdys, Michael J.; Severin, Nikolai; Rabe, Jürgen P.; Cooper, Andrew I.; Thomas, Arne; Antonietti, Markus

doi:10.1002/marc.201300086

Cited by 76 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…First, ultraviolet-visible-near-infrared (UV/Vis-NIR) transmittance/reflectance spectroscopy reveals adirect optical gap of 2.026(4) eV (612 nm), supporting the initial study. [19] This contrast indicates that the photophysics of triazine and heptazine networks is determined not only by their moieties,b ut also by their specific crystal structure. This strong suppression of radiative decay channels is in sharp contrast to other polymeric CNs such as melon [10d, 18] or PTI.…”

Section: Angewandte Chemiesupporting

confidence: 58%

Directional Charge Transport in Layered Two‐Dimensional Triazine‐Based Graphitic Carbon Nitride

et al. 2019

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Triazine-based graphitic carbon nitride (TGCN) is the most recent addition to the family of graphene-type,t wodimensional, and metal-free materials.A lthough hailed as apromising low-band-gap semiconductor for electronic applications,s of ar,o nly its structure and optical properties have been known. Here,w ec ombine direction-dependent electrical measurements and time-resolved optical spectroscopyt o determine the macroscopic conductivity and microscopic charge-carrier mobilities in this layered material "beyond graphene". Electrical conductivity along the basal plane of TGCN is 65 times lower than through the stacked layers,a s opposed to graphite.Furthermore,wedevelop amodel for this charge-transport behavior based on observed carrier dynamics and random-walk simulations.O ur combined methods provide ap ath towards intrinsic charge transport in ad irectiondependent layered semiconductor for applications in fieldeffect transistors (FETs) and sensors.

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Section: Angewandte Chemiesupporting

confidence: 58%

Directional Charge Transport in Layered Two‐Dimensional Triazine‐Based Graphitic Carbon Nitride

et al. 2019

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“…[64b] Thec oordination of donor-type alkali metal atoms into the nitrogen positions of carbon nitrides increases the concentration of free carriers and leads to the formation of novel nonradiative paths. [68] Ther esulting thin sheets show large lateral sizes in the micrometer range;h owever, such ranges are expected to be unfavorable for photocatalysis due to the relatively small surface area and exposed number of defective sites. [64b] Recently,A lgara-Siller et al succeeded in constructing macroscopically large,c rystalline thin films of triazine-based g-C 3 N 4 by using dicyandiamide.T he films consist of stacked 2D crystals with thicknesses between af ew and several hundreds of atomic layers.…”

Section: Other Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphitic Carbon Nitride Polymers toward Sustainable Photoredox Catalysis

et al. 2015

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As a promising two-dimensional conjugated polymer, graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3 N4 ) has been utilized as a low-cost, robust, metal-free, and visible-light-active photocatalyst in the field of solar energy conversion. This Review mainly describes the latest advances in g-C3 N4 photocatalysts for water splitting. Their application in CO2 conversion, organosynthesis, and environmental purification is also briefly discussed. The methods to modify the electronic structure, nanostructure, crystal structure, and heterostructure of g-C3 N4 , together with correlations between its structure and performance are illustrated. Perspectives on the challenges and opportunities for the future exploration of g-C3 N4 photocatalysts are provided. This Review will promote the utilization of g-C3 N4 materials in the fields of photocatalysis, energy conversion, environmental remediation, and sensors.

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“…For example, graphitic sp 2 -hybridized carbon nitrides (gCN) of the general form C 3 N 4 can exist as 2d sheets, involving linked heptazine or triazine units, which can form well-defined intralayer pores. Intercalation of these compounds is well-established, including with group 1 metals; 463,464 however, exfoliation of gCN donorintercalation compounds has to-date relied on sonication in water, leading to severe damage and poor monolayer levels. Conversely, the smaller (sub-100 nm laterally), more crystalline PTI sheets are comparatively simple to process, spontaneously dissolving without charging as predominantly 8−9 layered species; 465 very recently, CCN chemistries have been shown to increase exfoliation to predominantly 2−3 layers at >30% yield, and allow functionalisation, under similar conditions to graphenides.…”

Section: Further Carbon-based Nanomaterialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Charged Carbon Nanomaterials: Redox Chemistries of Fullerenes, Carbon Nanotubes, and Graphenes

et al. 2018

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Since the discovery of buckminsterfullerene over 30 years ago, sp 2 -hybridised carbon nanomaterials (including fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, and graphene) have stimulated new science and technology across a huge range of fields. Despite the impressive intrinsic properties, challenges in processing and chemical modification continue to hinder applications. Charged carbon nanomaterials (CCNs), formed via the reduction or oxidation of these carbon nanomaterials, facilitate dissolution, purification, separation, chemical modification, and assembly. This approach provides a compelling alternative to traditional damaging and restrictive liquid phase exfoliation routes. The broad chemistry of CCNs not only provides a versatile and potent means to modify the properties of the parent nanomaterial but also raises interesting scientific issues. This review focuses on the fundamental structural forms: buckminsterfullerene, single-walled carbon nanotubes, and single-layer graphene, describing the generation of their respective charged nanocarbon species, their interactions with solvents, chemical reactivity, specific (opto)electronic properties, and emerging applications. CONTENTS

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Exfoliation of Crystalline 2D Carbon Nitride: Thin Sheets, Scrolls and Bundles via Mechanical and Chemical Routes

Cited by 76 publications

References 44 publications

Directional Charge Transport in Layered Two‐Dimensional Triazine‐Based Graphitic Carbon Nitride

Directional Charge Transport in Layered Two‐Dimensional Triazine‐Based Graphitic Carbon Nitride

Graphitic Carbon Nitride Polymers toward Sustainable Photoredox Catalysis

Charged Carbon Nanomaterials: Redox Chemistries of Fullerenes, Carbon Nanotubes, and Graphenes

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